Test 3

Question 0

Fixed-outcome shaping

Answer 0

Shaping that involves no change in the value of the reinforcer or aversive condition, as the performance criterion more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior

Question 1

The law of effect

Answer 1

The effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them

Question 2

Multiple baseline

Answer 2

An experimental design in which the replications involve baselines of differing durations and interventions of differing starting times

Question 3

Reliability measurement

Answer 3

The comparison of measurements of dependent variables and independent variables obtained by independent onservers

Question 4

Process vs. product

Answer 4

Sometimes you need to make reinforcers and feedback contingent on the component responses of the process, not just the product

Question 5

Parsimony

Answer 5

The use of no unnecessary concepts, principles, or assumptions

Question 6

Shaping with reinforcement

Answer 6

The differential reinforcement of only that behavior that more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior

Question 7

Duration

Answer 7

The time from the beginning to the end of a response

Question 8

Operant level

Answer 8

The frequency of responding before reinforcement

Question 9

The differential punishment procedure

Answer 9

Punishing ONE set of responses and withholding punishment of another set of responses

Question 10

Penalty contingency

Answer 10

The response-contingent REMOVAL of a reinforcer resulting in a DECREASED frequency of the response

Question 11

Response-cost contingency

Answer 11

The response-contingent removal of a TANGIBLE reinforcer

Question 12

Time-out contingency

Answer 12

The response-contingent removal of ACCESS TO a reinforcer

Question 13

The sick social cycle (victim’s punishment model)

Answer 13

The perps aversive behavior punishes the victim’s appropriate behavior. And the victim’s stopping the appropriate behavior unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior

Question 14

Latency

Answer 14

The time between the signal or opportunity for a response and the beginning of the response

Question 15

Task analysis

Answer 15

An analysis of complex behavior and sequence of behavior into their component responses

Question 16

Premack principle

Answer 16

If one activity occurs more often than another, the opportunity to do the more frequent activity will reinforce the less frequent activity

Question 17

The sick social cycle (victim’s escape model)

Answer 17

In escaping the perps aversive behavior the victim unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior

Question 18

Overcorrection

Answer 18

A contingency on inappropriate behavior requiring the person to engage in an effortful response that more than corrects the effects of inappropriate behavior

Question 19

Punishment contingency

Answer 19

Response-contingent PRESENTATION of an aversive condition resulting in a DECREASED frequency of that response

Question 20

Terminal behavior

Answer 20

Behavior not in the repertoire or not occurring at the desired frequency; the goal of the intervention

Question 21

The differential-reinforcement procedure

Answer 21

Reinforcing one set of responses and withholding reinforcement for another set of responses

Question 22

Single-subject research design

Answer 22

The entire experiment is conducted with a single subject, though it may be replicated with several other subjects

Question 23

Response dimension

Answer 23

The physical properties of a response

Question 24

Response class

Answer 24

A set of responses that either A) are similar on at least one response dimension B) share the effects of reinforcement and punishment C) serve the same function

Question 25

Motivation operations

Answer 25

A procedure or condition that affects learning and performance with respect to a particular reinforcer or aversive condition

Question 26

Unlearned reinforcer

Answer 26

A stimulus that is a reinforcer though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer

Question 27

Extinction

Answer 27

Stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease

Question 28

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Answer 28

The replacement of an inappropriate response with a specific appropriate response that producers the same reinforcing outcome

Question 29

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 29

A temporary recovery of the extinguished behavior during the first part of each of the extinction sessions that follow the first extinction session

Question 30

The don’t say rule

Answer 30

With nonverbal organisms, don't say
Expects
Knows
Thinks
Figures out
In order to
Trying to
Makes the connection
Associates
Learns that
Imagines
Understands
With any organism don't say
Wants