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Bio 150 > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

List all the examples of cartilaginous joints discussed in the course.

A
  • costochondral, sternocostal, symphysis pubis, spinal articular disks.
  • Aka amphiarthrodial.
  • Allow for compression, recoil, spring, shock absorption, bending, twisting, etc.
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1
Q

List all the examples of fibrous joints discussed in the course.

A
  • sutures of the skull (coronal, lambdoid, sagittal, squamous) & Interlocking bone ends covered with fibrous periosteum
  • Allows for shape, strength & stability.
  • (Aka synarthrodial)
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2
Q

List all examples of Diarthrodial or synovial non-axial (gliding) joints discussed in the course.

A
  • sacroiliac, patello-femoral, subtalar, intertarsals, costovertebral, intercarpals.
  • 4 examples that have synovium & support refined movement & act as pulleys for tendons.
  • Non-measurable ROM.
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3
Q

List all examples of Diarthrodial or synovial uniaxial (hinge) joints discussed in the course.

A
  • atlanto-occipital, C1-C2, tibiofemoral, talocrural, PIP, IP, DIP of toes & fingers, radio-ulno-humeral (elbow), radio-ulnar, MCP of thumb.
  • 13 examples that have synovium & produce movement in only one plane (one degree of freedom).
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4
Q

List all examples of Diarthrodial or synovial biaxial joints discussed in the course.
Which joint is a modified biaxial or condylar joint?

A
  • MTP of toes, SC, radiocarpal, CMC (modified condylar), MCP fingers.
  • 5 examples that have synovium & produce movement in two planes (two degrees of freedom).
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5
Q

List all examples of Diarthrodial or synovial triaxial joints discussed in the course.

A
  • TMJ, cervical, thoracic & lumbar facets, iliofemoral, glenohumeral.
  • 6 examples that have synovium & produce movement in three planes (three degrees of freedom).
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6
Q

What is the primary function of the synovial fluid?

A

Limits joint friction, improves freedom of movement, shock absorption, protection of joint ends, moisturizes hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

What is the primary function of the joint capsule?

A

maintain synovial joint bone ends in approximation, maintain joint alignment, encase synovial membrane & fluid, provide joint stability.

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the Hyaline cartilage?

A

articular cartilage that keeps bone ends smooth & freely moving, protects bone ends. When it erodes, people develop symptoms of osteoarthritis.

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the ligament?

A

improve stability of joint by anchoring bones together. Often reinforces capsule thus improving joint stability. May also provide increased area for muscular attachment

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10
Q

What is the primary function of the tendon?

A

tough, dense, contractile connective tissue that attaches the fibers of a muscle to the bone thus producing movement about a joint.

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the bursa?

A

synovial fluid filled sack that is located between tendons and bones that serves to prevent friction & wear / tear of tendons.

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12
Q

Aponeurosis

A

powerful, large, broad tendinous attachments of significant muscles that span several joints.

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13
Q

Which of the following joint categories is most mobile? Least mobile?

A) Fibrous
B) Cartilaginous
C) Synovial
D) Gliding
E) Hinge
F) Ball & Socket
A
  • Most mobile: (F) Ball & Socket

- Least mobile: (A) Fibrous

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14
Q

What is another name for each?

A) Fibrous
B) Cartilaginous
C) Synovial
D) Gliding
E) Hinge
F) Ball & Socket
A 
A) Synarthrodial 
B) Amphiarthrodial 
C) Diarthrodial
D) Non-axial synovial
E) Uni-axial synovial
F) Tri-axial synovial
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15
Q

What is the anatomical term for jaw joint?

List all available movements.

A

TMJ

-open, close, protrusion, retraction, medial & lateral glide

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16
Q

What is the anatomical term for shoulder joint?

List all available movements.

A

Glenohumeral

-flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction & adduction, internal (medial) & external (lateral) rotation, circumduction.

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17
Q

What is the anatomical term for wrist joint?

List all available movements.

A

Radiocarpal

-flexion, extension, radial & ulnar deviation & modified circumduction.

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18
Q

What is the anatomical term for “big knuckle” joints?

List all available movements.

A

MCP

-Flexion, extension, abduction, & Adduction

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19
Q

What is the anatomical term for proximal finger knuckle joints?
List all available movements.

A

PIP

-Flexion & extension

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20
Q

What is the anatomical term for distal finger knuckle joints?
List all available movements.

A

DIP

-Flexion & extension

21
Q

What is the anatomical term for forearm joint?

List all available movements.

A

Proximal & distal radioulnar

-pronation & supination

22
Q

What is the anatomical term for hip joint?

List all available movements.

A

Iliofemoral

-Flexion, extension, hyperextension abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction & adduction, internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation, circumduction.

23
Q

What is the anatomical term for knee joint?

List all available movements.

A

Tibiofemoral

-Flexion, extension, & terminal rotation (screw bone).

24
Q

What is the anatomical term for ankle joint?

List all available movements.

A

Talocrural or mortise

-Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion

25
Q

What is the anatomical term for kneecap joint?

List all available movements.

A

Patellofemoral

-Gliding superior, inferior, medial, lateral, & tilt

26
Q

List atleast 5 joints studied that have a meniscoid or discoid cartilage between the bones.

A

TMJ, shoulder glenoid labrum, hip joint acetabular labrum, knee meniscus, intercarpal ulnomeniscotriquetral

27
Q

What are six common motions available in the cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine?

A

flexion, extension (hyperextension) sidebending (lateral flexion) both ® & (L), rotation both ® & (L) and various diagonal components of these movements.

28
Q

What is the O-A joint & what type of movements occur here?

A

atlanto-occipital (C1 with occiput) joint is a uniaxial hinge allowing capital or head on neck flexion & extension (hyperextension). The “yes” motion.

29
Q

What is the atlanto-axial joint & what type of movement occurs here?

A

atlanto-axial (C1 with C2) joint is a uniaxial pivotallowing cervical (neck) rotation or the “No” motion.

30
Q

What joints make up the balls of the foot?

A

MTP (heads of the metatarsophalangeal bones).

31
Q

Name four joints that make up our shoulder girdle complex? What movements are available in each?

A
  • Acromioclavicular: scapula elevation, depression, protraction, & retraction
  • Sternoclavicular: scapula elevation, depression, protraction, & retraction
  • Scapulothoracic: scapula elevation, depression, protraction, & retraction, upward & downward rotation
  • Glenohumeral: flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction & adduction, internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation, circumduction
32
Q

What motions are occurring in your upper extremity joints when you reach on your top closet shelf to retrieve an object?

A

scapula upward rotation, protraction, shoulder joint flexion, elbow extension, forearm pronation, wrist extension, fingers semi-flexed & thumb abducted

33
Q

What motions are occurring in your right hip & knee when you place your right ankle on your left knee?

A

® hip abducts, flexes and externally rotates, ® knee flexes, ® ankle remains neutral.

34
Q

What motions are occurring in your lower extremity joints as you walk up stairs?

A

with the leg that is stepping up on the
stair, the pelvis should remain level & neutral, the hip flexes, the knee flexes, the ankle dorsiflexes. With the leg that remains down on the ground, the pelvis should remain level, the hip remains in neutral extension moving to slight hyperextension, the knee moves from flexion to extension and the ankle moves from neutral to plantarflexion as the person pushes off their toes to step up.

35
Q

What motions are occurring in your upper extremity joints as you brush your teeth?

A

the scapula should slightly upward rotate but remain positioned neutral otherwise. The shoulder joint moves into abduction & slight flexion (scaption) with neutral rotation. It may horizontally abduct & adduct if brushing side to side. The elbow flexes, the forearm supinates slightly, the wrist flexes & extends, the fingers flexes and the thumb adducts.

36
Q

What are the three types of joints that allow little or no motion?

A

Synarthrosis, Syndesmosis, & Gomphosis

37
Q

What are the two terms for a joint that allows a great deal of motion?

A

Synovial joint or Diarthrosis

38
Q

What are the three features that describe diarthrodial joints?

A
  1. ) Number of axes
  2. ) Shape of the joint
  3. ) Joint motion involved
39
Q

What type of joint structure connects bone to muscle?

A

Tendon

40
Q

What type of joint structure pads and protects areas of great friction

A

Bursa

41
Q

How does hyaline cartilage differ from fibrocartilage?

Give an example of each type of cartilage.

A
  • Hyaline cartilage is located on the bone ends of synovial joints and provides a smooth articulating surface. Fibrocartilage is thicker and is located between bones. Fibrocartilage provides shock absorption and spacing.
  • Examples of fibrocartilage are the menisci of the knee and the disks of the vertebrae.
42
Q

When the anterior surface of the forearm moves toward the anterior surface of the humerus, what joint motion is involved?
In what plane is the motion occurring?
Around what axis?

A

The joint motion involved is elbow flexion; it occurs in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis.

43
Q

What joint motions are involved in turning the palm of the hand?
In what plane and around what axis does that joint motion occur?

A

The joint involved is forearm pronation; it occurs in the transverse plane around the vertical axis.

44
Q

What joint motion is involved in returning the fingers to anatomical position from the fully spread position?
In what plane and around what axis does the joint motion occur?

A

The joint motion involved is finger (MP) adduction; it occurs in the frontal plane around the sagittal axis.

45
Q

Identify the 11 degrees of freedom of the upper extremities.

A

Shoulder = 3, elbow = 1, radioulnar = 1, wrist = 2,MCP = 2, PIP = 1, DIP = 1

46
Q

Give an example of a synarthrodial joint in the axial skeleton.

A

Bones in the skull

47
Q

Diarthrodial, synovial, triaxial, and ball-and-socket are all terms that could be used to describe which joint of the upper extremity?
Could these same terms apply to a joint in the lower extremity?
If so, what joint is it?

A

Shoulder joint; yes; hip joint

48
Q

Diarthrodial, synovial, biaxial, and saddle are all terms that could be used to describe which joint?

A

CMC joint of thumb

49
Q

What are two joint terms that could be used to describe the symphysis pubis?

A

Amphiarthrosis & Cartilaginous

50
Q

What joint structure surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces?

A

Joint capsule

Bio 150 (1 decks)

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