Test 3

Question 1

spectrum from heated solids, liquids, and dense gases

Answer 1

continuous spectrum

Question 2

spectrum from dilute gases

Answer 2

line spectrum

Question 3

Do all types of line spectra look the same?

Answer 3

no, they can look very different from each other

Question 4

light emitted by atoms is what?

Answer 4

excess atomic energy

Question 5

atoms can store energy and release it as what?

Answer 5

light

Question 6

When electrons are farther from the nucleus, the atom has more or less energy?

Answer 6

More

Question 7

When electrons are closer to the nucleus, the atom has more/less energy?

Answer 7

less

Question 8

A state that is anything above the ground state?

Answer 8

excited state

Question 9

The atom’s lowest possible energy level

Answer 9

ground state

Question 10

The frequency of the light is determined from the what?

Answer 10

the energy the atom loses

Question 11

De-excites at a random time.

-photon leaves in a random direction

Answer 11

spontaneous emission

Question 12

de-excites at a specific time

-photon leaves in a specific direction

Answer 12

stimulated emission

Question 13

a substance absorbs light of one frequency (exciting the atoms). As the atoms return to lower energy levels they give off light of a different frequency. Happens fairly quickly.

Answer 13

fluorescence

Question 14

energy remains in the atoms for longer (minutes, hours), coming out slowly. Think glow in the dark stuff

Answer 14

phosphorescence

Question 15

x rays have enough energy to do what to an atom?

Answer 15

ionize

Question 16

deals with atoms as a whole, including how the electrons behave inside the atom

Answer 16

atomic physics

Question 17

has to do with the things in the nucleus of the atom. We focus only on the nucleus and ignore the electrons.

Answer 17

nuclear physics

Question 18

In the nucleus there are:

Answer 18

• protons (positive charge)

- neutrons (no charge)

Question 19

number of protons in the atom

Answer 19

atomic number

Question 20

number of protons + neutrons

Answer 20

mass number

Question 21

atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers

Answer 21

isotopes, same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 22

There are 3 types of nuclear reactions:

Answer 22

• radioactive decay
• fission
• fusion

Question 23

the rays emitted by radioactive elements are also a type of what?

Answer 23

ionizing radiation

Question 24

every element starting with number 83 is what?

Answer 24

radioactive

Question 25

The spontaneous breaking apart or changing of an atomic nucleus

Answer 25

radioactivity

Question 26

alpha particles are what?

Answer 26

helium nuclei

Question 27

what are beta rays?

Answer 27

made of beta particles, beta particles are electrons

Question 28

parent nucleus loses an alpha particle

Answer 28

alpha decay

Question 29

neutron in parent nucleus turns into a proton and an electron

Answer 29

beta decay

Question 30

how much energy you absorb, what is it called

Answer 30

absorbed dose

Question 31

absorbed dose of .01 joules of energy per kilogram of tissue

Answer 31

rad

Question 32

absorbed dose of 1 joule of energy per kilogram of tissue

Answer 32

gray

Question 33

the unit of biological damage caused by ionizing radiation

Answer 33

sievert

Question 34

amount of material that will produce 3.7 x 10^10 nuclear decays per second

Answer 34

1 curie

Question 35

amount of material which will produce 1 nuclear decay per second

Answer 35

1 becquerel

Question 36

the time needed for half of the quantity of that element to decay

Answer 36

half life

Question 37

any sort of process that changes the nucleus of an atom

Answer 37

nuclear reaction

Question 38

the joining of two small nuclei to make a bigger one

Answer 38

fusion

Question 39

breaking apart of one big nucleus into two smaller ones

Answer 39

fission

Question 40

nuclear reactors and atomic bombs use either 2 things as fuel:

Answer 40

uranium or plutonium

Question 41

type of diffusion uses uranium hexafluoride gas

Answer 41

gaseous diffusion

Question 42

are fission bombs

Answer 42

atomic bombs

Question 43

fusion bombs

Answer 43

hydrogen bombs

Question 44

death of a high mass star

Answer 44

supernova

Question 45

turbines convert thermal energy into what?

Answer 45

rotational kinetic energy