Test 3 Flashcards
spectrum from heated solids, liquids, and dense gases
continuous spectrum
spectrum from dilute gases
line spectrum
Do all types of line spectra look the same?
no, they can look very different from each other
light emitted by atoms is what?
excess atomic energy
atoms can store energy and release it as what?
light
When electrons are farther from the nucleus, the atom has more or less energy?
More
When electrons are closer to the nucleus, the atom has more/less energy?
less
A state that is anything above the ground state?
excited state
The atom’s lowest possible energy level
ground state
The frequency of the light is determined from the what?
the energy the atom loses
De-excites at a random time.
-photon leaves in a random direction
spontaneous emission
de-excites at a specific time
-photon leaves in a specific direction
stimulated emission
a substance absorbs light of one frequency (exciting the atoms). As the atoms return to lower energy levels they give off light of a different frequency. Happens fairly quickly.
fluorescence
energy remains in the atoms for longer (minutes, hours), coming out slowly. Think glow in the dark stuff
phosphorescence
x rays have enough energy to do what to an atom?
ionize
deals with atoms as a whole, including how the electrons behave inside the atom
atomic physics
has to do with the things in the nucleus of the atom. We focus only on the nucleus and ignore the electrons.
nuclear physics
In the nucleus there are:
- protons (positive charge)
- neutrons (no charge)
number of protons in the atom
atomic number
number of protons + neutrons
mass number
atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers
isotopes, same number of protons, different number of neutrons
There are 3 types of nuclear reactions:
- radioactive decay
- fission
- fusion
the rays emitted by radioactive elements are also a type of what?
ionizing radiation
every element starting with number 83 is what?
radioactive
The spontaneous breaking apart or changing of an atomic nucleus
radioactivity
alpha particles are what?
helium nuclei
what are beta rays?
made of beta particles, beta particles are electrons
parent nucleus loses an alpha particle
alpha decay
neutron in parent nucleus turns into a proton and an electron
beta decay
how much energy you absorb, what is it called
absorbed dose
absorbed dose of .01 joules of energy per kilogram of tissue
rad
absorbed dose of 1 joule of energy per kilogram of tissue
gray
the unit of biological damage caused by ionizing radiation
sievert
amount of material that will produce 3.7 x 10^10 nuclear decays per second
1 curie
amount of material which will produce 1 nuclear decay per second
1 becquerel
the time needed for half of the quantity of that element to decay
half life
any sort of process that changes the nucleus of an atom
nuclear reaction
the joining of two small nuclei to make a bigger one
fusion
breaking apart of one big nucleus into two smaller ones
fission
nuclear reactors and atomic bombs use either 2 things as fuel:
uranium or plutonium
type of diffusion uses uranium hexafluoride gas
gaseous diffusion
are fission bombs
atomic bombs
fusion bombs
hydrogen bombs
death of a high mass star
supernova
turbines convert thermal energy into what?
rotational kinetic energy
