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Philosophy Test 3 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What questions do metaphysicians ask?

A

Is reality one or many?
What is the nature of reality?
What is time and space?

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2
Q

What questions do epistemologists ask?

A

What is knowledge?
What is truth?
Can we have genuine knowledge?

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3
Q

True or False

Plato and Aristotle believe that reality consists of two “worlds”

A

False

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4
Q

For Plato reality consists of two “worlds”; name them…..

A

World of Becoming

World of Being

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5
Q

What is rationalism?

A

View that reason is the primary source of all knowledge and that only our reasoning abilities can enable us to understand sense experience and reach accurate conclusions

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6
Q

What is empiricism?

A

View that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge and that only a careful attention to sense experience can enable us to understand the world and achieve accurate conclusions

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7
Q

What is materalism?

A

View that all aspects of the universe are composed of matter and energy and can be explained by physical laws

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8
Q

What is dualism?

A

View that material substance(physical body) and immaterial substance (mind or soul) are two separate aspects of the self

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9
Q

What are the Branches of Philosophy?

A 
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Political and Social Philosophy
Aesthetics
Logic
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10
Q

True or False

Rationalists argue that the primary way of acquiring knowledge is through sense experience.

A

False, empiricists argue this

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11
Q

Which group (empiricists or rationalists) argue that we enter the world with innate knowledge?

A

Rationalists

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12
Q

For Plato, where does ultimate reality reside:

a) Imagination
b) Sense experience
c) Reason
d) Forms

A

d) Forms

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13
Q

What is Heraclitus famous for?

A

“All is Change” and “Change Alone is Unchanging”

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14
Q

Who was famous for saying “To be is to be perceived?”

A

Berkeley

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15
Q

Who said that the knowledgeable world is constructed by the faculties of the mind?

A

Kant

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16
Q

Who argued we are born with intellectual “blank” slates or Tabula Rasa?

A

Locke

17
Q

Who said there is NO reality outside the mind?

A

Berkeley

18
Q

Who were the 3 great British empiricists?

A

Locke
Berkeley
Hume

19
Q

According to Kant, the world we construct is what “world?”

A

Phenomenal world

20
Q

For Hume, the logical conclusion of empiricism is……..

A

Skepticism

21
Q

Berkeley was a rationalist.

True or False

A

False

22
Q

True or False
Locke was an empiricist, but at the same time argued we only had direct access to the ideas in our minds caused by external objects.

A

True

23
Q

Who claimed that the forms reside in physical objects?

A

Aristotle

24
Q

Who argued certain knowledge came through the method of doubt?

A

Descartes

25
Q

Who said all knowledge come from experience?

A

Locke

26
Q

Who said all justifiable beliefs must be justified by experience?

A

Hume

27
Q

Who’s view leads to solipsism, the view that only I exist and everything else is a creation of my mind?

A

Berkeley

28
Q

Who argued that, as a philosopher, he was committed to radical skepticism?

A

Hume

29
Q

What are the primary qualities?

A

The “properties” of objects that reside in the objects (such as size, shape, weight), independent of our perceptions of the object

30
Q

What are the secondary qualities?

A

Properties that do not reside within the objects themselves but instead are the power of objects to produce sensations in our mind (such as color, smell, texture, and taste)

31
Q

Who argued that all of our fundamental knowledge is derived through reason?

A

Descartes

32
Q

What did Kant argue was the only basis for knowledge?

A

Experience

33
Q

What did Descartes hope to prove with his method of doubt?

A

That knowledge is possible

34
Q

Who argued that genuine knowledge is recollected through an examination of our innate ideas?

A

Plato

35
Q

What is skepticism?

A

A school of though that casts doubt on the possibility of achieving genuine knowledge

Includes positions such as doubting all assumptions until proved or claiming that no knowledge is possible in any circumstances

36
Q

Who argued that we construct reality with our reason, based on our experiences?

A

Kant

37
Q

Who believe that emotions ought to play a role in our understanding of the world?

A

Jaggar

38
Q

Whats the best way to explain Descartes’ method of doubt?

A

1st Purpose and Overall Goal
2nd Explain His Steps in His Method
3rd Explain His Conclusions

Philosophy Test 3 (1 decks)

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