Test 3

Question 2

What type of field do 1st row trans. metals form?

Answer 2

Weak.

Question 3

What are normal oxidation numbers for the 2nd and 3rd rows of the trans. metals?

Answer 3

Early trans. metals have max valance oxidation #s. O.N. decrease across

Question 4

What type of field do 2nd and 3rd row trans. metals make?

Answer 4

strong field.

Question 5

What are trends for CN?

Answer 5

First row can make all kinds of CN. 2nd and 3rd row are usualky form octahedral or square planar. Early metals form mostly octahedral while late trans metals vary

Question 6

What metals make octehdral, tetrahedral or square planar molecles?

Answer 6

All metals (1-3rd rows) can make tetrahedral if they have 6 ligands. Only first row will make tetrahedral if it has 4 ligands. Any metal with d8 electrons can form square planar if it has 4 ligands.

Question 7

What are the crystal field diagrams for octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar?

Answer 7

Octahedral: 3 orbitals on the bottom and 2 on top

Tetrahedral: 2 orbitals on the bottom and 3 on top

Square planar: 5 orbitals at 4 levels and only the bottom level has 2

Question 8

What is the spectrochemical series from molecule that makes the most weak field complex to strong field complex. Which are sigma and which are pi donors?

Answer 8

Halides< O donors < N donors < C donors

I<f>2-<h>2O<oh->3<pph>3<co></co></pph></oh-></h></f>

<p>sigma--&gt; pi</p>

</co></pph></oh-></h></f>

Question 9

How do I know when a complex is high spin or low spin?

Answer 9

Big energy gap b/w energy levels=strong field=low spin

Small energy gap b/w energy levels=weak field=high spin

Question 10

What things determin weak or strong field?

What complexes are always weak?

What complexes are always strong?

Answer 10

1. High or low spin
2. Charge; 3+ is boarder line
3. Bonding ability of ligand (spect. series)

Tetrahedral are always weak

2nd and 3rd rows are always strong (so only 1st row varys)

Question 11

How do you find the spin multiplicity?

Answer 11

Spin multiplicity=2S+1= # of unpaired e^- + 1

Question 12

What are the reasons behind paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagentic properties?

How are they temperature dependent?

Answer 12

Paramagnetic=attracted to mag field since it has unpaired electrons. Magnetic suseptibilty deacrease with increasing temp

Diamagnetic= repelled by mag field b/c all pair e-. Not dependent on temp

Ferromagnetic= all e- line up with mag. field to strongly attraced. Mag. sus. decreases with increasing temp

Anitferromagnetic=all electron pairs go against mag field. Increases with increasing temp

Question 13

What is the spin selection rule?

Answer 13

It says that only transitions to orbitals with the same spin multiplicity are allowed

Question 14

What is the Laporte selection rule?

Answer 14

It says that transitions between states that have the same symmetry w/ respect to inversion are not allowed. (no little g–>little g) This means only Tetrahedral are laport allows and no octahedral complexes for us now are

Question 15

What is a Jahn Teller distortion?

what d e- count will not show distortions and which will show strong distortions?

Answer 15

It is a distortion in orbital shaoe due to incomplete energy levels

d3, d6 strong field , d5 weak field, d8

d4 weak field, d7 strong field, d9

Question 16

What should I make sure not to forget when listing possible d-to-d transitions?

spin multiplicity and little g for octahedral complexes

Question 17

What are the important extinction coefficients I need to remember?

Answer 17

For spin and laporte forbidden: < 1

for spin allowed but laport forbidden: 1-10 or 100

spin and laport allowed: 100-500

Question 18

What should i remember when reading T-S diagrams?

Answer 18

Ground state is different for weak field complexes so make sure i am looking at the right one. For weak field, do not use the first, identical transition (its the same thing)

Question 19

What is the dissociative mechanism?

Associative?

Answer 19

Dissociative is like Sn1; ligand-metal complex disociates before forming a new bond

associative is like Sn2 where and intermediate containing all complexes is formed

Question 20

What are the inner and outer sphere mechanisms?

Answer 20

Inner sphere mechanism involves a bridging ligand during a redox reaction where ligands switch

outer sphere mechanism does not involve a bridging ligand

Question 21

How do you find the spin only magnetic moment?

Answer 21

2 mui sqrt(S(S+1))

where S is half the total # of e-