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Intro to Disease Processes > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Measles (Rubeola): Taxonomy, Genome, and Morphology

A
  • Taxonomy: Family Paramyxoviridae Genus Morbilivirus
  • Genome: Single Strand RNA (-)
  • Morphology: Enveloped
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2
Q

Measles (Rubeola): Proteins

A
  • Fusion protein (F): Allows fusion of infected cell membranes –>Syncitia also allows fusion of viral envelope with cell membrane
  • Hemagglutinin (H): Surface projections glycoprotein
  • Matrix Protein (M): Inner surface of membrane, nonglycosylated allows proper formation of nucleocapsid
  • Nucleoprotein (N): Protects RNA
  • Phosphoprotein (P): RNA dependent RNA polymerase
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3
Q

Measles (Rubeola): Symptoms and Timeline

A
  • Fever: Starts at the beginning of disease and reaches a peak at 5-6 days (crescendo)
  • Coryza: Begins within 24hrs of fever usually ends around day 7. Sneezing and mucopurulent nasal drainage
  • Conjunctivitis: same timeline as coryza
  • Cough: Same timeline as coryza but lasts longer
  • Koplik’s Spots: White spots in oral mucosa opposite molars. Appear 2 days before rash end at day 6
  • Rash: Starts 3-4 days after fever. Starts at head and moves down to feet by day 3. Begins to fade by day 3 in the same order of appearance.
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4
Q

Complications of Measels

A
  • Otitis media and pneumonia: most common but least severe
  • Acute Encephalitis: 0.1% of cases
  • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Progressive neurological degeneration. (always fatal and irreversible) Occurs when M protein isn’t expressed allowing latency.
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5
Q

Transmission of Measels (Rubeola):

A

Airborne, one of the most communicable infectious diseases. Most infectious in late prodromal stage

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6
Q

Incubation and contagion of Measles (Rubeola):

A
  • Incubation is 7-21 days.

- Infectious from 4 days before rash to 4 days after rash appearance.

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7
Q

Vaccine for Measles (Rubeola):

A

-Live vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy and immunocompromised (except HIV infected children)

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8
Q

Immune response to Measles (Rubeola):

A
  • Antibodies: Long term protection

- Cell mediated response: Recovery from acute infection

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9
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Taxonomy, Genome and Morphology

A
  • Taxonomy: Family Togaviridae and Genus: Rubivirus
  • Genome: Single Stranded positive RNA
  • Morphology: Spherical and enveloped
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10
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Membrane proteins

A
  • E1 (hemagglutinin): Surface projections of envelope, glycosylated
  • E2: Membrane associated
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11
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Postnatal infection transmission incubation and infectious period.

A
  • Transmission: Droplets from respiratory secretions (if prenatal infection then multiple tissues serve as foci for transmission)
  • Incubation: 12-23 days
  • Infectious: 7 days before to 7 days after rash onset
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12
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Postnatal infection signs and symptoms

A
  • Fever: Generally mild from days 4-9
  • Lymphadenopathy: 5-10 days before onset of rash, mostly in the head, leads to leukopenia
  • Rash: Maculopapular rash starts at face and spreads downwards more quickly than measles. By the end of the 3rd day the rash should be gone.
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13
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Postnatal infection complications

A
  • Arthritis: 70% of adult cases, rare in children
  • Thrombocytopenia; 1/3000 cases
  • Encephalitis: 1/5000 cases
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14
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Congenital infection Transmisiion

A

-Risk of infection greater earlier on in pregnancy

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15
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Growth Retardation
  • Ophthalmic Defects: Cataracts, glaucoma, microphthalmia
  • Deafness
  • Cardiac Defects
  • CNS
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Splenomegaly
  • Thrombocytopenia
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16
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Postnatal infection Immune Response

A
  • Cell-Mediated Response: Acute infection recovery

- Humoral Response: IgM short lasting less than 8 weeks

17
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Prenatal infection Immunity

A
  • Humoral: Both mom (IgA) and Fetus (IgM only) make antibodies. IgM response tends to be longer (up to 6 months)
  • Cell-Mediated: Not as effective due to immature immune system.
18
Q

Rubella (German Measles): Vaccine

A

-Live vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy and severely immunocompromised patients (except… you guessed it, kids with HIV)

19
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox): Taxonomy, Genome, Morphology

A
  • Taxonomy: Family Herpesviridae (HHV3)
  • Genome: DNA double stranded
  • Morphology: Enveloped
20
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox): Transmission and contagion period

A
  • Airborne spread from respiratory secretions or aerosols from disrupted lesions or direct contact with lesions
  • Contagious from 1-2 days before rash until lesions dry
21
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox): Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Incubation Period: 10-21 days
  • Fever: High for the first few days (102-103)
  • Rash: Starts from trunk and spreads to extremities, Lesions present in all stages
22
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox): Prevention and Treatment

A
  • Acyclovir is extreme
  • Live attenuated vaccine that’s contraindicated in pregnancy and severely immunocompromised individuals (exception select kids with HIV)
23
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox): Complications

A
  • Bacterial superinfection
  • Pneumonia
  • Encephalitis
  • Hemorrhagic Varicella
  • Death (rare in childhood)
24
Q

Roseola (HHV-6)

A
  • DNA double stranded
  • Enveloped
  • Transmission: Respiratory
  • 100% Seropositive by 3 years
  • Incubation period: 9-10 days
  • Signs and Symptoms: High fever persists for 3-4 days (seizures)
  • Rash corresponds to subsidence of fever similar to chickenpox pattern
25
Q

Fifth Disease (Parvovirus)

A
  • Human parvovirus B19
  • Non-enveloped w/ single stranded DNA
  • Respiratory droplet transmission
  • Incubation: 6-14 days
  • Symptoms: Mild or no systemic symptoms with slapped cheeks rash w/cephalocaudal spread
  • Complications: Aplastic anemia (hemoglobinopathies), Arthritis (older females), Intrauterine infection (Non-immune hydrops)
26
Q

Small Pox (Variola): Taxonomy, Genome, and Morphology

A

Taxonomy: Orthopoxvirus, variola
Genome: Double Stranded Linear DNA
Morphology: Brick Shaped

27
Q

Small Pox (Variola): Incubation and transmission

A
  • Incubation: 7-12 days

- Transmission: Respiratory droplets

28
Q

Small Pox (Variola): Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Abrupt onset
  • Severe headache
  • Severe fever
  • All lesions evolve together and last much longer than varicella, large areas of desquamation, more peripherally located than varicella lesions

Intro to Disease Processes (1 decks)

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