Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ovolactovegetarian

A

avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk

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2
Q

Lactovegetarian

A

drinks milk, but avoids eggs

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3
Q

vegan

A

consumes only plant foods

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4
Q

Fruitarian

A

consumes fruit, nuts, honey & olive oil

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5
Q

Zen macrobiotic

A

primarily brown rice, other grains and herb teas

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6
Q

Children that follow a vegetarian diet are at risk for what?

A

Protein and vitamin deficiencies such as B12

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7
Q

Pregnancy Nutrition concerns

A

folic acid 600mcg daily

Prevents neural tube defects, anencephaly or maternal megaloblastic anemia

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8
Q

Energy requirements: Carbohydrates

A

4 kcal/g

Main source of energy (brain, skeletal muscles during exercise, erythrocyte and leukocyte production)

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9
Q

Energy requirements: Proteins

A

4 kcal/g

Necessary for nitrogen balance; tissue growth, restoration, and maintenance

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10
Q

Energy requirements: lipids

A

9 kcal/g

Deficiency less than 10% of daily nutrition

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11
Q

indispensable amino acids

A

must be provided in diet

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12
Q

dispensable amino acids

A

body synthesizes

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13
Q

amino acid

A

simplest form of protein: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

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14
Q

triglycerides

A

circulate in the blood & are composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol

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15
Q

neutral nitrogen balance

A

intake and output of nitrogen are equal

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16
Q

negative nitrogen balance & implications

A

body loses more nitrogen than it gains

Burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma

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17
Q

positive nitrogen balance & implications

A

intake of nitrogen is greater than the output

Required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass & organs, wound healing

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18
Q

Tube feeding serious complications

A

Serious risk of aspirations could lead to nectrotizing infection, pneumonia, and abscess formation

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19
Q

How do you determine the length of NG tube to be inserted?

A

Measure from tip of nose to ear lobe to the xyphoid process (sternum)

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20
Q

What to do if patient with Enteral tube starts to vomit?

A

1) Stop feedings immediately
2) withhold feedings and reassess patient to tolerance to feedings if gastric residual volume (GRV) is over 500 mL
3) Routinely evaluate the patient for aspiration
4) use nursing measures to reduce the risk of aspiration if GRV is between 250 & 500 mL

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21
Q

Fat emulsion appearance and nursing implications

A
  • IV fat emulsion are opaque and white
  • Do not administer if oil droplets are observed or an oily or creamy layer is noted on the surface. This can result in a fat emboli.
22
Q

Central venous catheter placement nursing implications

A

superior vena cava - before anything is put into line, location needs to be confirmed by x-ray

23
Q

Nursing implications of PN administration and interventions to reduce risk of sepsis

A
  • Change tubing and solution every 24 hours

* change lipids every 12 hours

24
Q

Effects of long term laxative/cathartic use

A

Increases risk of diarrhea and abnormal elimination

25
Fecal impaction nursing implications
* Enema | * Digital removal of stool
26
Functions of the large intestine
primary organ of bowel elimination
27
Colostomy irrigation
never use enema set to irrigate
28
Normal findings of stoma
bright pink or brick red
29
Abnormal findings of a stoma
blue, black, brown
30
Length of enema insertion tip for adult
7.5 - 10 cm (3-4 inches)
31
Length of enema insertion tip for adolescent
7.5 - 10 cm (3-4 inches)
32
Length of enema insertion tip for children
5 - 7.5 cm (2-3 inches)
33
Length of enema insertion tip for infant
2.5 - 3.75 cm (1-1.5 inches)
34
Isotonic exercises
cause muscle contraction and change in muscle length (walking, swimming, jogging)
35
Isometric exercises
involve tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts
36
Crutch fitting
3 to 4 finger widths from the axilla to a point 15cm lateral to patient's heel
37
Cane fitting
cane length is equal to the distance between greater trochanter and the floor
38
Exercise implications for diabetic type 1
exercise leads to better glucose control; lowers blood sugar for up to 24 hours, monitor blood sugar before and after exercise
39
Signs of hypoxia (early and late signs)
change in LOC Change in respiratory rate, depth Cyanosis
40
Hemoptysis characteristics
bloody sputum; alkaline pH
41
Systemic effects of right side cardiac failure
systemic circulation | Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary circulation
42
Systemic effects of left side cardiac failure
blood begins to "back up" in the pulmonary | *The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation
43
Chest tubes and suction - care of and nursing implications
* Sterile, closed system * Only clamp when changing chest tube * Tube should be secured to the chest wall
44
Pneumothorax signs and symptoms
* Collection of air in the pleural space * Pain * Dyspnea (SOB) worsens as size of pneumothorax increases
45
Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning
Used when patient can cough effectively but is not able to clear secretions
46
Orotracheal and nasotracheal suctioning
Used when patient is unable to manage secretions (sterile catheter/procedure)
47
Tracheal suctioning
used with an artificial airway (sterile catheter/procedure)
48
Endotracheal suctioning
short-term use to ventilate, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, clear secretions
49
Uremic syndrome
increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood, marked fluid & electrolyte abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, headache, coma, & convulsions
50
Normal urinary output per hour
at least 30 mL/hour
51
Nocturia
voiding one or more times during the night