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Fundamentals > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ovolactovegetarian

A

avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk

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2
Q

Lactovegetarian

A

drinks milk, but avoids eggs

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3
Q

vegan

A

consumes only plant foods

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4
Q

Fruitarian

A

consumes fruit, nuts, honey & olive oil

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5
Q

Zen macrobiotic

A

primarily brown rice, other grains and herb teas

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6
Q

Children that follow a vegetarian diet are at risk for what?

A

Protein and vitamin deficiencies such as B12

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7
Q

Pregnancy Nutrition concerns

A

folic acid 600mcg daily

Prevents neural tube defects, anencephaly or maternal megaloblastic anemia

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8
Q

Energy requirements: Carbohydrates

A

4 kcal/g

Main source of energy (brain, skeletal muscles during exercise, erythrocyte and leukocyte production)

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9
Q

Energy requirements: Proteins

A

4 kcal/g

Necessary for nitrogen balance; tissue growth, restoration, and maintenance

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10
Q

Energy requirements: lipids

A

9 kcal/g

Deficiency less than 10% of daily nutrition

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11
Q

indispensable amino acids

A

must be provided in diet

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12
Q

dispensable amino acids

A

body synthesizes

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13
Q

amino acid

A

simplest form of protein: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

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14
Q

triglycerides

A

circulate in the blood & are composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol

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15
Q

neutral nitrogen balance

A

intake and output of nitrogen are equal

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16
Q

negative nitrogen balance & implications

A

body loses more nitrogen than it gains

Burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma

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17
Q

positive nitrogen balance & implications

A

intake of nitrogen is greater than the output

Required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass & organs, wound healing

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18
Q

Tube feeding serious complications

A

Serious risk of aspirations could lead to nectrotizing infection, pneumonia, and abscess formation

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19
Q

How do you determine the length of NG tube to be inserted?

A

Measure from tip of nose to ear lobe to the xyphoid process (sternum)

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20
Q

What to do if patient with Enteral tube starts to vomit?

A

1) Stop feedings immediately
2) withhold feedings and reassess patient to tolerance to feedings if gastric residual volume (GRV) is over 500 mL
3) Routinely evaluate the patient for aspiration
4) use nursing measures to reduce the risk of aspiration if GRV is between 250 & 500 mL

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21
Q

Fat emulsion appearance and nursing implications

A
  • IV fat emulsion are opaque and white
  • Do not administer if oil droplets are observed or an oily or creamy layer is noted on the surface. This can result in a fat emboli.
22
Q

Central venous catheter placement nursing implications

A

superior vena cava - before anything is put into line, location needs to be confirmed by x-ray

23
Q

Nursing implications of PN administration and interventions to reduce risk of sepsis

A
  • Change tubing and solution every 24 hours

* change lipids every 12 hours

24
Q

Effects of long term laxative/cathartic use

A

Increases risk of diarrhea and abnormal elimination

25
Q

Fecal impaction nursing implications

A
  • Enema

* Digital removal of stool

26
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

primary organ of bowel elimination

27
Q

Colostomy irrigation

A

never use enema set to irrigate

28
Q

Normal findings of stoma

A

bright pink or brick red

29
Q

Abnormal findings of a stoma

A

blue, black, brown

30
Q

Length of enema insertion tip for adult

A

7.5 - 10 cm (3-4 inches)

31
Q

Length of enema insertion tip for adolescent

A

7.5 - 10 cm (3-4 inches)

32
Q

Length of enema insertion tip for children

A

5 - 7.5 cm (2-3 inches)

33
Q

Length of enema insertion tip for infant

A

2.5 - 3.75 cm (1-1.5 inches)

34
Q

Isotonic exercises

A

cause muscle contraction and change in muscle length (walking, swimming, jogging)

35
Q

Isometric exercises

A

involve tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts

36
Q

Crutch fitting

A

3 to 4 finger widths from the axilla to a point 15cm lateral to patient’s heel

37
Q

Cane fitting

A

cane length is equal to the distance between greater trochanter and the floor

38
Q

Exercise implications for diabetic type 1

A

exercise leads to better glucose control; lowers blood sugar for up to 24 hours, monitor blood sugar before and after exercise

39
Q

Signs of hypoxia (early and late signs)

A

change in LOC
Change in respiratory rate, depth
Cyanosis

40
Q

Hemoptysis characteristics

A

bloody sputum; alkaline pH

41
Q

Systemic effects of right side cardiac failure

A

systemic circulation

Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary circulation

42
Q

Systemic effects of left side cardiac failure

A

blood begins to “back up” in the pulmonary

*The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation

43
Q

Chest tubes and suction - care of and nursing implications

A
  • Sterile, closed system
  • Only clamp when changing chest tube
  • Tube should be secured to the chest wall
44
Q

Pneumothorax signs and symptoms

A
  • Collection of air in the pleural space
  • Pain
  • Dyspnea (SOB) worsens as size of pneumothorax increases
45
Q

Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning

A

Used when patient can cough effectively but is not able to clear secretions

46
Q

Orotracheal and nasotracheal suctioning

A

Used when patient is unable to manage secretions (sterile catheter/procedure)

47
Q

Tracheal suctioning

A

used with an artificial airway (sterile catheter/procedure)

48
Q

Endotracheal suctioning

A

short-term use to ventilate, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, clear secretions

49
Q

Uremic syndrome

A

increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood, marked fluid & electrolyte abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, headache, coma, & convulsions

50
Q

Normal urinary output per hour

A

at least 30 mL/hour

51
Q

Nocturia

A

voiding one or more times during the night

Fundamentals (7 decks)

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