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Fungi: Friends Or Foe? > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Are dermatophytes contagious?

A

Yes

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1
Q

What are some common dermatophytes?

A

Ringworm and athletes foot

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2
Q

What is the fungus associated with dandruff and oily scalps?

A

Malassezia

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3
Q

What is sporotrichosis commonly known as?

A

Rose handlers disease

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4
Q

Where is coccidiomycossis commonly found?

A

San Joaquin Valley in southwest US

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5
Q

What causes the inhalation of coccidiomycossis?

A

Dust storms

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6
Q

The starling bird is the vector for this disease/fungus.

A

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

Are Chytrids true fungi?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Is saprolegnia a true fungus?

A

No it is an oomycete.

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9
Q

What animal is affected the most from saprolegnia?

A

Fish

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10
Q

Where was bat white nose syndrome first discovered?

A

Albany, NY

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11
Q

What animal does aspergillosis commonly affect?

A

Sea coral

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12
Q

What does systemic, disseminated mean?

A

They are breathed into the body.

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13
Q

What is the reason for increased human deaths from fugal diseases?

A 
Increased awareness from clinicians
Improved diagnostic techniques
Increase in medical procedures that compromise the immune system
Aging population
Increase incidences of HIV/AIDS
Increase in trade and travel
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14
Q

Name some localized, superficial, site-specific mycoses.

A

Jock itch, ring worm, athlete’s foot, cradle cap

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15
Q

When was athletes foot thought to have been brought to America?

A

After the soldiers returned home from WWI

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16
Q

What is malasezzia commonly associated with?

A

Dandruff

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17
Q

What is the scientific name for dog ringworm?

A

Microsporum canis

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18
Q

Name a localized subcutaneous fungal infection.

A

Sporotrichosis

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19
Q

What is the scientific name for sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenkii

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20
Q

Name the three systemic fungal infections.

A

Cryptococcosis, coccidioidmycosis, and histoplasmosis.

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21
Q

What is cryptococcosis caused by? What are some symptoms?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Lung dysfunction, meningitis, skin lesions.

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22
Q

Coccidioidmycosis is caused by what and commonly called what?

A

Coccidioides immitis

Valley fever

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23
Q

What causes histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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24
Q

What famous person almost died from histoplasmosis?

A

Bob Dylan

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25
Q

What is candidiasis? And what does it cause?

A

Candida albicans

Causes yeast infections in suppressed immune system people.

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26
Q

How can we manage mycoses?

A

Drug therapy, stay away from high risk areas, and boost immune system.

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27
Q

What is mycophagy?

A

Eating of mushrooms

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28
Q

Where did the starchybotrys outbreak begin?

A

Cleveland

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29
Q

What make good stachybotrys conditions?

A

High cellulose, low nitrogen damp areas.

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30
Q

What does stachybotrys produce that kills its host?

A

Satratoxin and cyclosporine.

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31
Q

What are some common molds people are allergic to?

A

Aspergillus, alternaria, penicillium, cladosporium

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32
Q

What is a typical spore count?

A

100-20,000 spores m3

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33
Q

What is the schmoo?

A

Budding yeast cell.

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34
Q

How many cells do yeasts have and how do they reproduce?

A

Single called and reproduce by budding or fission

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35
Q

Yeast can reproduce sexually. How?

A

They can make ascospores or basidiospores.

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36
Q

What is saccharomyces known as?

A

Sugar yeast

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37
Q

How do you make ethyl alcohol using yeast?

A

Add water and sugar to the yeast.

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38
Q

What makes wines different from one another?

A

Different grapes
Other additives
Weather and soil
And native or introduced yeasts

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39
Q

What is the common name for botrytis cinerea?

A

The noble rot

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40
Q

What’s the differences between making beer versus wine?

A 
Equipment is sterilized
Different species of yeast
Sugar comes from malt
Hops
And water is added to beer
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41
Q

What is used to make sake?

A

Rice and aspergillus oryzae

42
Q

Benefits to drinking alcohol?

A

Sedative
Kills unwanted microbes
And has resveratrol

43
Q

What is phytoalexin?

A

A line of defense in a plant after spores have invaded.

44
Q

What fungus is found in Quorn?

A

Fusarium venetatum

45
Q

Aspergillus niger helps in the synthesis of what chemical compound?

A

Citric acid

46
Q

Fermented soy beans and this will for tempeh, a meat substitute.

A

Rhizopus oligosporus

47
Q

What fungus helps in making blue cheese?

A

Penicillium roquefortii

48
Q

What fungus aids in synthesis of Brie and Camembert cheeses?

A

Penicillium camembertii

49
Q

What is a mycophile?

A

Someone who hunts and enjoys mushrooms

50
Q

Most expensive mushroom on the market?

A

Truffle

51
Q

What is the scientific name for the black morel?

White morel?

A

Morchella elata

Morchella esculenta

52
Q

Where are some common places to find morels?

A

Apple orchards in Midwest
After forest fires in west
Under ash trees in northeast
Under Dutch elm diseased trees

53
Q

Do meadow mushrooms grow in fairy rings?

A

Yes

54
Q

Do morels reproduce with ascospores?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the scientific name for the meadow mushroom?

What is a close relative to the meadow mushroom?

A

Agaricus campestris

Portobellos and button mushrooms

56
Q

What is the scientific name for the destroying angel?

A

Aminita bisporigera

57
Q

What is the scientific name for a shaggy mane?

Where are they commonly found?

A

Copernicus comatus

In lawns

58
Q

What is the real inky caps scientific name?

A

Copernicus atramentarius

59
Q

What is the golden chanterelles scientific name?

A

Cantharellus cibarius

60
Q

What are some distinguishing characteristics of the black trumpet?

A

They are hollow and there are ridges instead of gills

61
Q

What genus is the milk mushroom in?

A

Lactarius

62
Q

What is the scientific name for an oyster mushroom?

A

Pleurotus ostreatus

63
Q

What is the scientific name for the honey mushrooms?

A

Armillaria mellea

64
Q

What is the scientific name for the king bolete, porcini, and cépe?

A

Boletus edulis

65
Q

Do boletes have gills?

Can they be cultivated?

A

No

And no

66
Q

If a bolete stains blue or red is it edible?

A

No

67
Q

What is significant about a lions mane?

A

It has teeth instead of gills

68
Q

What mushroom is known to kill trees and also known as the humongous fungus?

A

Honey mushrooms

69
Q

Can puffballs be eaten?

A

Yes only when they are white

70
Q

When you see a bright red bolete what would you classify the mushroom as?

A

Satan’s bolete

71
Q

Puffballs are in what genus?

A

Lycoperdon

72
Q

What is the scientific name for a giant puffball?

A

Calvatia gigantea

73
Q

What similar looking mushroom to a puffball is poisonous and dark purple inside?

A

Earthballs or scleroderma

74
Q

What is the chicken of the woods scientific name?

A

Laetiporus sulfureus

75
Q

What is the scientific name for the cauliflower or noodle fungus?

A

Sparassis crispa

76
Q

What is the scientific name for the black truffle?

A

Tuber melanosporum

77
Q

What is the scientific name of the white truffle?

A

Tuber magnatum

78
Q

What is the scientific name for the pecan truffle?

A

Tuber lyonii

79
Q

What animals are commonly used to find truffles?

A

Pigs and dogs

80
Q

Are white or black truffle more expensive?

A

White

81
Q

The fly agaric is a well known mushroom associated with many things. Name some and it’s scientific neomenclature.

A

Mario mushroom, Santa Claus

Aminita muscaria

82
Q

Muscimol is a toxin in what kind of mushroom.

A

Fly agaric or Aminita muscaria

83
Q

What does Muscimol do?

A

It makes you hallucinate.

84
Q

What genus of mushroom is the cause for 95% of mushroom fatalities?

A

Aminita

85
Q

What is the scientific name for the death cap?

A

Aminita phalloides

86
Q

What organs do amatoxins inhibit?

A

Liver and kidneys

87
Q

What is in milk thistle extract that is thought to help in Aminita poisoning?

A

Silibinin

88
Q

What are some therapy options for Aminita poisoning?

A

Massive dose of penicillin G
Activated charcoal
Liver transplant

89
Q

Inky caps contain what compound that is similar to Antabuse?

A

Coprine

90
Q

Inky caps scientific name?

A

Coprinus atramentarius

91
Q

Gyromitrin is used in what and found in which mushroom?

A

It’s used in jet fuel and found in the false morel.

92
Q

What are the cortinarius mushrooms known as?

Are they poisonous?

A

The web caps

Yes

93
Q

Chanterelles look very similar to what poisonous mushroom?

A

Jack o’ lantern or omphalotus

94
Q

Is chlorophyllum molybdites poisonous?

What color spores does it have?

A

Yes

Green

95
Q

What characteristics does the parasol mushroom have?

A

Shaggy cup, ring, white spores, and white gills

96
Q

What are some rules of thumb for wild mushrooms to tell if they are poisonous?

A

They have a cup or sack at base, have rings on stalk, white caps, and any brain/saddle shaped caps.

97
Q

What mushroom is associated with the Vikings?

A

Aminita muscaria or fly agaric

98
Q

Agaricus campestris looks like the destroying angel but has this characteristic that separates it.

A

Pink gills

99
Q

What are some characteristics of the Aminita genus?

A

Skirted ring, cup, white gills, white spores

100
Q

The paddy straw looks like which poisonous mushroom but has this characteristic that separates it from that mushroom.

A

Death cap

Does not have ring

101
Q

Who is trying to get milk thistle legalized for amatoxin poisonings?

A

Thomas Mitchell

102
Q

What is the largest genus of mushrooms?

A

Cortinarius

Fungi: Friends Or Foe? (1 decks)

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