Test 3 Flashcards
0
Q
Are dermatophytes contagious?
A
Yes
1
Q
What are some common dermatophytes?
A
Ringworm and athletes foot
2
Q
What is the fungus associated with dandruff and oily scalps?
A
Malassezia
3
Q
What is sporotrichosis commonly known as?
A
Rose handlers disease
4
Q
Where is coccidiomycossis commonly found?
A
San Joaquin Valley in southwest US
5
Q
What causes the inhalation of coccidiomycossis?
A
Dust storms
6
Q
The starling bird is the vector for this disease/fungus.
A
Histoplasmosis
7
Q
Are Chytrids true fungi?
A
Yes
8
Q
Is saprolegnia a true fungus?
A
No it is an oomycete.
9
Q
What animal is affected the most from saprolegnia?
A
Fish
10
Q
Where was bat white nose syndrome first discovered?
A
Albany, NY
11
Q
What animal does aspergillosis commonly affect?
A
Sea coral
12
Q
What does systemic, disseminated mean?
A
They are breathed into the body.
13
Q
What is the reason for increased human deaths from fugal diseases?
A
Increased awareness from clinicians Improved diagnostic techniques Increase in medical procedures that compromise the immune system Aging population Increase incidences of HIV/AIDS Increase in trade and travel
14
Q
Name some localized, superficial, site-specific mycoses.
A
Jock itch, ring worm, athlete’s foot, cradle cap
15
Q
When was athletes foot thought to have been brought to America?
A
After the soldiers returned home from WWI
16
Q
What is malasezzia commonly associated with?
A
Dandruff
17
Q
What is the scientific name for dog ringworm?
A
Microsporum canis
18
Q
Name a localized subcutaneous fungal infection.
A
Sporotrichosis
19
Q
What is the scientific name for sporotrichosis?
A
Sporothrix schenkii
20
Q
Name the three systemic fungal infections.
A
Cryptococcosis, coccidioidmycosis, and histoplasmosis.
21
Q
What is cryptococcosis caused by? What are some symptoms?
A
Cryptococcus neoformans
Lung dysfunction, meningitis, skin lesions.
22
Q
Coccidioidmycosis is caused by what and commonly called what?
A
Coccidioides immitis
Valley fever
23
Q
What causes histoplasmosis?
A
Histoplasma capsulatum
24
What famous person almost died from histoplasmosis?
Bob Dylan
25
What is candidiasis? And what does it cause?
Candida albicans
Causes yeast infections in suppressed immune system people.
26
How can we manage mycoses?
Drug therapy, stay away from high risk areas, and boost immune system.
27
What is mycophagy?
Eating of mushrooms
28
Where did the starchybotrys outbreak begin?
Cleveland
29
What make good stachybotrys conditions?
High cellulose, low nitrogen damp areas.
30
What does stachybotrys produce that kills its host?
Satratoxin and cyclosporine.
31
What are some common molds people are allergic to?
Aspergillus, alternaria, penicillium, cladosporium
32
What is a typical spore count?
100-20,000 spores m3
33
What is the schmoo?
Budding yeast cell.
34
How many cells do yeasts have and how do they reproduce?
Single called and reproduce by budding or fission
35
Yeast can reproduce sexually. How?
They can make ascospores or basidiospores.
36
What is saccharomyces known as?
Sugar yeast
37
How do you make ethyl alcohol using yeast?
Add water and sugar to the yeast.
38
What makes wines different from one another?
Different grapes
Other additives
Weather and soil
And native or introduced yeasts
39
What is the common name for botrytis cinerea?
The noble rot
40
What's the differences between making beer versus wine?
```
Equipment is sterilized
Different species of yeast
Sugar comes from malt
Hops
And water is added to beer
```
41
What is used to make sake?
Rice and aspergillus oryzae
42
Benefits to drinking alcohol?
Sedative
Kills unwanted microbes
And has resveratrol
43
What is phytoalexin?
A line of defense in a plant after spores have invaded.
44
What fungus is found in Quorn?
Fusarium venetatum
45
Aspergillus niger helps in the synthesis of what chemical compound?
Citric acid
46
Fermented soy beans and this will for tempeh, a meat substitute.
Rhizopus oligosporus
47
What fungus helps in making blue cheese?
Penicillium roquefortii
48
What fungus aids in synthesis of Brie and Camembert cheeses?
Penicillium camembertii
49
What is a mycophile?
Someone who hunts and enjoys mushrooms
50
Most expensive mushroom on the market?
Truffle
51
What is the scientific name for the black morel?
| White morel?
Morchella elata
Morchella esculenta
52
Where are some common places to find morels?
Apple orchards in Midwest
After forest fires in west
Under ash trees in northeast
Under Dutch elm diseased trees
53
Do meadow mushrooms grow in fairy rings?
Yes
54
Do morels reproduce with ascospores?
Yes
55
What is the scientific name for the meadow mushroom?
What is a close relative to the meadow mushroom?
Agaricus campestris
Portobellos and button mushrooms
56
What is the scientific name for the destroying angel?
Aminita bisporigera
57
What is the scientific name for a shaggy mane?
Where are they commonly found?
Copernicus comatus
In lawns
58
What is the real inky caps scientific name?
Copernicus atramentarius
59
What is the golden chanterelles scientific name?
Cantharellus cibarius
60
What are some distinguishing characteristics of the black trumpet?
They are hollow and there are ridges instead of gills
61
What genus is the milk mushroom in?
Lactarius
62
What is the scientific name for an oyster mushroom?
Pleurotus ostreatus
63
What is the scientific name for the honey mushrooms?
Armillaria mellea
64
What is the scientific name for the king bolete, porcini, and cépe?
Boletus edulis
65
Do boletes have gills?
Can they be cultivated?
No
And no
66
If a bolete stains blue or red is it edible?
No
67
What is significant about a lions mane?
It has teeth instead of gills
68
What mushroom is known to kill trees and also known as the humongous fungus?
Honey mushrooms
69
Can puffballs be eaten?
Yes only when they are white
70
When you see a bright red bolete what would you classify the mushroom as?
Satan's bolete
71
Puffballs are in what genus?
Lycoperdon
72
What is the scientific name for a giant puffball?
Calvatia gigantea
73
What similar looking mushroom to a puffball is poisonous and dark purple inside?
Earthballs or scleroderma
74
What is the chicken of the woods scientific name?
Laetiporus sulfureus
75
What is the scientific name for the cauliflower or noodle fungus?
Sparassis crispa
76
What is the scientific name for the black truffle?
Tuber melanosporum
77
What is the scientific name of the white truffle?
Tuber magnatum
78
What is the scientific name for the pecan truffle?
Tuber lyonii
79
What animals are commonly used to find truffles?
Pigs and dogs
80
Are white or black truffle more expensive?
White
81
The fly agaric is a well known mushroom associated with many things. Name some and it's scientific neomenclature.
Mario mushroom, Santa Claus
Aminita muscaria
82
Muscimol is a toxin in what kind of mushroom.
Fly agaric or Aminita muscaria
83
What does Muscimol do?
It makes you hallucinate.
84
What genus of mushroom is the cause for 95% of mushroom fatalities?
Aminita
85
What is the scientific name for the death cap?
Aminita phalloides
86
What organs do amatoxins inhibit?
Liver and kidneys
87
What is in milk thistle extract that is thought to help in Aminita poisoning?
Silibinin
88
What are some therapy options for Aminita poisoning?
Massive dose of penicillin G
Activated charcoal
Liver transplant
89
Inky caps contain what compound that is similar to Antabuse?
Coprine
90
Inky caps scientific name?
Coprinus atramentarius
91
Gyromitrin is used in what and found in which mushroom?
It's used in jet fuel and found in the false morel.
92
What are the cortinarius mushrooms known as?
| Are they poisonous?
The web caps
Yes
93
Chanterelles look very similar to what poisonous mushroom?
Jack o' lantern or omphalotus
94
Is chlorophyllum molybdites poisonous?
| What color spores does it have?
Yes
Green
95
What characteristics does the parasol mushroom have?
Shaggy cup, ring, white spores, and white gills
96
What are some rules of thumb for wild mushrooms to tell if they are poisonous?
They have a cup or sack at base, have rings on stalk, white caps, and any brain/saddle shaped caps.
97
What mushroom is associated with the Vikings?
Aminita muscaria or fly agaric
98
Agaricus campestris looks like the destroying angel but has this characteristic that separates it.
Pink gills
99
What are some characteristics of the Aminita genus?
Skirted ring, cup, white gills, white spores
100
The paddy straw looks like which poisonous mushroom but has this characteristic that separates it from that mushroom.
Death cap
Does not have ring
101
Who is trying to get milk thistle legalized for amatoxin poisonings?
Thomas Mitchell
102
What is the largest genus of mushrooms?
Cortinarius
