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Electrical Fundamentals > test #3!!! > Flashcards

test #3!!! Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three primary types of loads in AC circuit

A

Resistive load inductive load capacitive load

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2
Q

Can you give an example of resistive load

A

Incandescent bulb electric heater any electrical load that consists of only heating elements

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3
Q

Can you give an example of inductive load

A

Electric motor that are used in various appliances such as washing machines refrigerators and air conditioning

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4
Q

Can you give an example of capacitive load

A

A battery in charging condition a motor starter circuit

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5
Q

What is the basic law of induction

A

Whenever current flows through a conductor a magnetic field is created around the conductor

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6
Q

Where L inductance N = number of turns of a wire the strange U equals permeability of a core material a equals cross-section area of the core material and I equals the length of a core please write down the formula for calculating the inductance of a coil

A

L = μN2A/l

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7
Q

what is the unit of measurement for inductance please include both the name and the letter symbol

A

L inductance measured in Henry’s symbol H

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8
Q

How much induced voltage will occur when a coil has one Henry of inductance and a current change of one amp per second

A

One voltage

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9
Q

The time necessary for current in an inductor to reach its full ohms law value is called what

A

Time constant

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10
Q

What is the formula for computing the time of one time constant

A

C=t/R

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11
Q

An inductor has an inductance of 0.25 Henry’s and a resistance of five ohms how will it take to reach its full ohms law value

A

.25 sec

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12
Q

Why is there always some amount of inductance in an A C circuit

A

Because of the continually charging magnetic field

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13
Q

For the most part we do not take into consideration the inductance in branch circuits or in single conductors a C circuit in circuit calculation why is that this

A

Because the inductance is very small

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14
Q

What type of a C circuit do you consider inductance in their calculation

A

When any type of load contains a coil being used

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15
Q

What is the letter used to represent inductance in an A C circuit

A

L

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16
Q

CEMF Is the result of an induced voltage being opposite in polarity to the applied voltage what does it stand for

A

Counter electromotive force measured in ohm

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17
Q

Is the amount of induced voltage proportional to the rate of change of current

A

The amount of induced voltage is directly proportional to the inductance and the rate of charge in a current

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18
Q

Does an inductor oppose a change of current

A

yes

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19
Q

The current limiting properties of an inductor is called what

A

Inductive reactance

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20
Q

The resistance of an inductor is similar to that of a resistor but not the same what is the difference

A

The main difference between the resistance of inductor and a resistor is how they oppose the flow of current

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21
Q

What is the algebraic letter used to indicate inductance reactance and what is the unit measurement used

A

XL = ohms

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22
Q

In an inductance circuit can the applied voltage ever equal the induced voltage

A

no

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23
Q

What would happen to the current if the applied voltage was equal to the induced voltage

A

The current lags the applied voltage by 90 degrees in Purely inductive circuits

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24
Q

What are the three factors that are proportional to determine inductive reactants

A

The number of turns of a wire, the strength of the magnetic field and the speed of the cutting action

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25
Q

What is the formula for calculating inductive reactants

A

XL = 2πfL

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26
Q

what is the calculations used to find out how many amps recommend due to inductive reactance

A

I = E/XL

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27
Q

Can you use the same parallel series for me for solving for L T and X L T in series parallel inductive circuit

A

yes

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28
Q

In a purely resistive circuit at the exact time when the current peaks the voltage peaks is the voltage and the current considered to be in phase with each other

A

yes

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29
Q

In a purely inductive circuit how many degrees is the current sine wave delayed compared to the voltage sine wave

A

90 degrees

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30
Q

Is a purely inductive circuit considered to be leading or lagging

A

Lagging

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31
Q

What does VARs stand for

A

Volts amp reactive

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32
Q

Although reactive power in an inductive circuit were essentially no true power is being used we calculated for reactive power in Vars please list the three formulas where EL voltage applied to the conductor IL equals current flow through the inductor and XL equals inductive reactance

A

Q= EL2/XL
​
Q = EL x IL

IL = EL/XL
​

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33
Q

What is the cue of an inductor and what is the formula for calculating Q

A

Quality of a coil Q = XL/R

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34
Q

Inductors that have a queue of 10 or higher are considered to be what type of inductors

A

Pure inductors

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35
Q

What is the formula for calculating inductance when we know the inductance reactance and the frequency

A

L = XL/2πf

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36
Q

The total current limiting effect of resistance and inductive reactance is known as what and what is the letter that symbolizes

A

Independence Z

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37
Q

What is the formula for calculating independence

A

Z = ET/IT

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38
Q

When we use the term RL series circuit what is the characteristics of RL and how would we refer to them

A

When a peer resistive load is connected to an AC circuit the voltage and current are in phase with each other

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39
Q

Why does the voltage drop across the inductor lead the current when the inductor is a pure inductive load

A

The voltage across an inductor is proportional to the rate of charge of a current through it

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40
Q

In an rl series circuit because the circuit contains both resistive and inductance the voltage and current will be out of phase by some other amount between zero and ninety degrees how is the exact amount of phase angle difference determined

A

By the ratio of resistance to inductance

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41
Q

Because the resistance is out of phase can we simply just add the inductive reactants and the resistance to give us an RT circuit

A

No

42
Q

Describe what VA is or apparent power is

A

The combination of reactive power and true power is called apparent power and it is the product of circuit voltage and current without reference to phase angle

43
Q

The relationship between your power and apparent power is referred to as what please include name and abbreviation also why is this an important variable to industry

A

Power factor PF = %

It defines How efficiently electrical power Is being utilized By the connected load

44
Q

Why is angle theta important to us

A

Pops find power factor helps power factor correction impendence calculation voltage and current relationship

45
Q

Will the same formulas apply to R L parallel circuits as they do R L series circuit

A

no

46
Q

Can we use vectors trigonometry or pathogorium theorem to solve for dependence in a parallel circuit like we did in the series circuit

A

yes The Pythagorean theorem helps to combine the orthogonal components of admittance in series circuits.
This method respects the phase relationships in parallel circuits.

47
Q

Does this mean that parallel circuits are less likely to

A

parallel circuits can sometimes exhibit less overall lag compared to series circuit but this depends on the specific value of resistance and inductance

48
Q

In our homes is there reasonable to believe that we have RL parallel circuits

A

Yes most home electoral systems are primarily resistive because of light bulbs but inductance components are present like Motors and Transformers

49
Q

Give one example of an R L parallel branch Circuit in our homes

A

Refrigerators air conditioners washing Machines

50
Q

What is a capacitor

A

Capacitor are devices that oppose a charge of voltage

51
Q

The simplest type of capacitor is constructed by two different types of metal separated by some insulating materials what is the insulated material called

A

Dialectric

52
Q

List the three factors that determine the capacitance of A capacitor

A

The surface area of the plates the distance between the plates the type of dielectric used

53
Q

What are the various tasks that capacitor is perform

A

Filtering coupling timing

54
Q

Can non polarized capacitors be used in an A C and D C circuit

A

yes

55
Q

Polarized capacitors can only be used in what type of circuit

A

Dc circuit

56
Q

What does the word polarize mean when referring to capacitors

A

Polarized capacitors are capacitors that has specific positive and negative terminals

57
Q

can some capacitors score enough electricity to harm a person even after electronic device is unplugged

A

yes

58
Q

What is capacitance

A

It is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy in electric field

59
Q

How do you capacitors get charged

A

By connecting it to a D C voltage source

60
Q

In what form is the energy of a capacitor stored

A

Electrostatic potential energy

61
Q

Current will only flow in a capacitor during what two cycles

A

Charging and Discharging Cycles

62
Q

What is a leaky capacitor

A

When energy leaks from these devices is called capacitor leakage

63
Q

What happens if the dielectric stress becomes too great due to access in voltage applied to a capacitor

A

Dialectric breakdown

64
Q

If current is allowed to flow between the plates due to excessively key current because the voltage exceeds rating of the capacitor or the dielectric has to deteriorated what will be the end result for the pasture in the circuit

A

Permanent Failure: The capacitor will either short-circuit or open-circuit depending on the extent of the damage.

65
Q

No dielectric that is contained in a capacitor is perfect after. A charge will slowly begin to dissipate through the dielectric what is the effect known as

A

Dialectric leakage

66
Q

Dielectric can be found in many different types of insulating material however each material does not have the same amount of capacitance so the material are does not assigned a number what is the number called

A

Dialectric constant

67
Q

Vacuum is the reference or control for ganging dielectric constant what is the dielectric constant for vacuum

A

1
The dielectric constant for vacuum, also known as vacuum permittivity or ε0, is an ideal physical constant with a value of 1

68
Q

what is the basic unit of measurement used the capacitance of a capacitor and what is the abbreviation symbol used

A

Capacitor equals farad (F)

69
Q

A capacitor is considered to have a rating of one farad when what occurs

A

A capacitor is considered to have a rating of farad when it can store one coulomb of electrical charge while maintaining a potential difference of one volt across its plates

70
Q

A coulomb is the SI unit of electrical charge for example one coulomb it’s important to not confuse coulomb as a unit with C for capacitance what is the formula for solving the total electrical charge in coulombs

A

Q=C x V

71
Q

What is the formula to solve for electric charge when you know the capacitance and the charging voltage

A

Q = C X V

72
Q

What is the formula for determining the capacitance of a capacitor

A

C = Q/V

73
Q

What is the formula for total capacitance connected capacitors in parallel

A

CT = C1 + C2 + C3

74
Q

If I had three capacitors connected in parallel each with a value of 25 U F’s what would capacitance total equal

A

CT = C1 + C2 + C3
CT = 25UF +25UF + 25UF
CT = 75UF

75
Q

What are the three formulas for calculating total capacitance for connecting capacitors in series

A

CT = C1 x C2/C1 + C2
CT = C/N
1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3

76
Q

If I had three capacitors in Siri each with a value of 25 UF what would the capacitance total equal

A

1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
1/CT = 1/25UF + 1/25UF + 1/25UF
CT = 8.3UF

77
Q

When a resistor is connected in series with a capacitor the capacitor will take some time for it is charged what is the time take for this compaters to charge called

A

Time constant

78
Q

How many time constants are there in total to charge a capacitor from zero volts to its rated voltage

A

It takes about five time constant

79
Q

So it’s the total time from zero to the capacitor is full or it’s rated voltage is five seconds how much time does each time constant take

A

1 sec

80
Q

Where T equals the time it takes for one time constant in seconds r equals resistance in ohms and C equals capacitance in seconds what is the formula used for accurately calculating charging time of a capacitor

A

t (tau) = R x C

81
Q

Those the ten different types of capacitors mentioned in this book

A

Ceramic Capacitors
Dipped Tantalum Capacitors
Film Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors
Nonpolarized Capacitors
Polarized Capacitors
Variable Capacitors
Air Capacitors
Supercapacitors
Mica Capacitors

82
Q

What can happen if you connect a polarized capacitor to a circuit with the incorrect polarity

A

It will damage or break the capacitor

83
Q

Is it important to understand each manufacturer’s method of marking polarity capacitance temp coefficient colour codes voltage reading types and ensure you use a correct capacitor for the purpose it was intended

A

yes

84
Q

If you have tested your small electric capacitor with your own meter and have no shorts you should test for the kids using variable DC power supply and what other measuring tool

A

Mostly low scope power supply and ant meter

85
Q

An A C circuit does the current flow through the capacitor

A

However, when a capacitor is connected to an alternating current or AC circuit, the flow of the current appears to pass straight through the capacitor with little or no resistance.

86
Q

In an AC circuit the current alternates in both directions 60 times per second because of its frequency 60 Hertz what physically is happening with regards to the positive and negative plates inside the capacitor

A

Current flows from one plate to another charging and recharging

87
Q

The impressed electrostatic voltage that builds up on the plates of the capacitor creates a counter voltage much like the counter voltage observed when using an inductor what is the counter voltage of a capacitor called and what is its symbol

A

Capacitive reactance XC

88
Q

In a purely inductive a a C circuit the current is ________ the voltage

A

Lagging

89
Q

In a purely resistive AC circuit the current _______is the voltage

A

In phase with

90
Q

In a purely capacitive a C circuit the current ____________ is the voltage

A

Leading

91
Q

what is the letter of symbol Q referred to regarding capacitors

A

Quality of a capacitor

92
Q

If you have a leaky capacitor what will happen to your Q

A

The dielectric will appear to be much lower resistance and the Q rating will decrease

93
Q

If you increase the frequency in a purely capacitive circuit the capacitive reactance

A

It will decrease

94
Q

In a purely resistive series circuit the current and voltage is in phase which each other in a purely capacitive series circuit current leads the voltage what will the relationship be between the current and the voltage in a series circuit where the we have a resistor and a capacitor in series

A

The voltage in current will be out of phase between zero to 90 degrees

95
Q

I said the circuit described in question 17 years was referred to as what

A

Ratio of resistance to capacitance

96
Q

In an R C series circuit the current will be _______________the voltage

A

Lagging

97
Q

In a parallel RC circuit because the ET = ER = EC the relationship between current and voltage down each individual branch of the circuit will be different in their resistive portion of the circuit the current will be _____________ the voltage

A

in phase

98
Q

In a parallel RC circuit because the ET = ER = EC the relationship between current and voltage down each individual branch of the circuit will different in the capacitive portion of the circuit the current will be the voltage

A

leading

99
Q

Understanding power factor when looking at the PF of the circuit above at 55.47% would you say that it has a good PF

A

no

100
Q

PF is the relationship between true power and apparent power so it will take more power in order to complete the required output from your circuit if you have a low power factor what is the biggest problem regarding a low power factor

A

The biggest problem with a low power factor is that it results in inefficient use of electrical power. This means the system needs to supply extra power to handle the reactive power, leading to increased energy losses and higher costs. It can also cause overloading of transformers and generators, reducing their efficiency and lifespan.

101
Q

If you have a poor power factor due to high capacitance leading circuit what can you do

A

Remove capacitance with a smaller capacitor

102
Q

If you have a poor power factor due to high inductance lagging circuit what can you do

A

Add capacitance

Electrical Fundamentals (5 decks)

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