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Preclinical Theory Test 3 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a paired working end

A

An instrument with working-ends that are mirror images of each other

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2
Q

What is an unpaired working end

A

An instrument with two dissimilar working ends

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3
Q

What is a design name

A

School or person who designed instrument ex.gracey

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4
Q

What is a design number

A

Identifies the working-ends ex.1and 2

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5
Q

What is the number along handle

A

Each working end is identified by the number closest to it

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6
Q

What is number across handle

A

It is the first number(on the left) identifies the working end at the top
The second number is the working end on the lower end of the handle

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7
Q

Choosing the right handle

A

Recommended
-large diameter
-lightweight handle
-bumpy texturing
Avoid
-small diameter
-heavy,solid metal handle
-smooth or flat texturing

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8
Q

What is Instrument balance

A

A periodontal instrument is balanced if the working ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle

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9
Q

What is balanced

A

Balanced is if the working ends are centered with the midline of the handle

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10
Q

What is the significance of balance

A

It ensures that the finger pressure applied against the handle is transferred to the working end for calculus removal
An instrument that is not balanced is difficult to use and stresses the muscles of the hand

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11
Q

Shank bend

A

The shanks of most periodontal instruments are bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working end against the tooth surface

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12
Q

Simple shank design

A

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you
Simple shank will appear to be straight
Simple shanks for use on anterior teeth

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13
Q

Complex shank design

A

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you
Complex shank has side to side bends
Complex shanks for use on posterior teeth

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14
Q

Simple shank: anterior teeth

A

Anterior teeth are wedged shaped
A simple shank is adequate to reach along the crown and on to the root

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15
Q

Posteriors: complex shank

A

Posterior teeth have large,bulky crowns that are large in diameter than the roots
A complex shank is needed for posterior teeth

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16
Q

Functional shank

A

The portion of the shank that allows the working end to be adapted to the tooth surface

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17
Q

Lower/terminal shank

A

The portion of the functional shank that is nearest to the working end, also called the terminal shank

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18
Q

Functional shank

A

Begins below the working end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest to the handle

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19
Q

Lower shank

A

The portion of the functional shank nearest to the working end

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20
Q

Simple shank

A

Simple shank with short functional shank length-supragingival use on anterior teeth
Simple shank with long functional shank length-sub gingival use on anterior teeth

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21
Q

Complex shank use

A

Complex shank with short functional shank length-supragingival use on posterior teeth
Complex shank with long functional shank length -sub gingival use on posterior teeth

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22
Q

Extended lower shanks

A

Instrument A has a standard lower shank
Instrument B has an extended lower shank

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23
Q

Use of the extended lower shank

A

Instruments with the extended lower shanks can reach the middle and apical third of the root surface

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24
Q

Rigid shank

A

Instruments are larger in diameter and will withstand the pressure needed to remove heavy calculus deposits

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25
Q

Flexible shank

A

Flexible shank instrument have a thinner shank diameter
If used against a heavy calculus deposit it will bend or flex
Flexible shanks offer more tactile information
Must not be used on heavy calculus deposits

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26
Q

The working end

A

An instruments function is determined primarily,by the design of its working end
To determine an instruments use, you must recognize the design characteristics of the working end

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27
Q

Parts of the working end

A

Face
Back
Lateral surfaces
Cutting edges
Toe or tip

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28
Q

Face and back

A

The shaded surface on this illustration is the face
The surface opposite the face is the back of the working end

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29
Q

Lateral surfaces

A

The surfaces on either side of the face are called the lateral surfaces of the working end

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30
Q

Lateral surfaces

A

The surfaces on either side of the face are called the lateral surfaces of the working end

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31
Q

Cutting edge

A

The cutting edge is a sharp edge formed where the face and lateral surfaces meet
Most working ends have 2 cutting edges

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32
Q

Toe

A

This is a bird eye view, looking down on the face
On some working ends the cutting edges meet to form a rounded toe

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33
Q

Tip

A

This is a bird eye view, looking down on the face
On some working ends the cutting edges meet to form a pointed tip

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34
Q

Cross section

A

A working end is exposed by cutting through the working end at right angles to its longest dimension

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35
Q

Significance of cross section

A

The cross section of a working end determines whether the instrument can be used subgingivally-beneath the gingival margin- or is restricted to supraginigval use

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36
Q

Instrument use

A

Working ends that are a triangular in cross section are limited to supragingival use
Working ends that are semi circular in cross section maybe be used supragingivally and subgingivally

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37
Q

Shape of cross section

A

One working end is semi circular in cross section
The other is triangular in cross section

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38
Q

Triangular cross sections

A

Sickle scalers are instruments with triangular cross sections
Sickle scaler are limited to supragingival use

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39
Q

Semi circular cross section

A

Curets are instruments that are semi circular in cross section
Curets may be used supragingivally and subgingivally

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40
Q

Periodontal probe

A

A slender instrument used to evaluate the health of periodontal tissues
Blunt, rod shaped working ends

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41
Q

Explorer

A

Used to locate calculus deposits, tooth irregularities, carious lesions
Circular in cross section

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42
Q

Sickle scaler

A

Used to remove supragingival calculus deposits
Triangular in cross section
Pointed tip
Pointed back

43
Q

Curet

A

Used to remove calculus deposits
Semi circular cross section
Rounded toe
Rounded back

44
Q

Periodontal file

A

Used to crush large calculus deposits
Each working end has several cutting edges

45
Q

Angulation

A

Angulation is the relation between the face of the working end and the tooth surface
Visualization is needed by the clinician with the working end hidden beneath the gingival tissues

46
Q

Visualizing in cross section

A

Calculus removal takes place beneath the gingival margin
Understanding periodontium in cross section assists instrumentation

47
Q

Insertion

A

Insertion is the act of gently sliding the working end beneath the gingival margin into the sulcus or periodontal pocket

48
Q

Angulation for insertion

A

The face to tooth surface Angulation for insertion for insertion is an angle between 0-40degrees
Also referred to as closed angle

49
Q

Angulation for insertion cont.

A

Position the face as close to the tooth surface as possible
In this position is moved gently beneath the gingival margin and down the root surface

50
Q

Get ready zone

A

Prepare for instrumentation by placing the working end in the get ready zone on the middle third crown

51
Q

Prepare for instrumentation

A

The get ready zone allows you to position the working end in preparation for instrumentation

52
Q

The correct working end

A

Before using a double end instrument, you must decide which working end to use on the treatment area

53
Q

Lower shank

A

To select the correct working end, observe the relation of the lower shank to the distal surface of the tooth

54
Q

Working end 1

A

With this working end the lower shank is parallel to the distal surface
Notice that the functional shank goes up and over the tooth

55
Q

Working end 2

A

With this working end, the lower shank is not parallel to the distal surface
The functional shank is down and around the tooth

56
Q

Correct working end

A

This is the correct working end
Lower shank parallel to distal surface
Functional shank goes up and over the tooth

57
Q

Steps for insertion

A

Place working end in get ready zone
Lower instrument handle so that the face hugs the tooth near to a 0 degree Angulation
Gently insert the working end beneath the gingival margin and slide the face along the root surface

58
Q

Stabilization

A

Is the act of locking joints of ring finger and pressing fingertip against tooth surface
Provides control of instrumentation stroke
Fulcrum finger functions as support beam

59
Q

Lateral pressure

A

Created by applying pressure with index finger and thumb inward against instrument handle
Apply lateral pressure prior to and throughout instrumentation stroke

60
Q

Amount of lateral pressure

A

Assessment-requires light touch against tooth
calculus removal-firm lateral pressure against tooth
Root debridment-less lateral pressure than calculus removal

61
Q

Inadequate lateral pressure

A

Effective calculus removal depends on firm lateral pressure and correct Angulation
Inadequate lateral pressure can result incomplete calculus removal

62
Q

Steps for calculus removal

A

Employ a light assessment stroke over root surface
Position curet apical to deposit
Cup the deposit with face of curet

63
Q

Steps for calculus removal cont.

A

Reassess grap
Lock toe third against tooth
Activate stroke opening face to 70-80 degree to Angulation

64
Q

Calculus removal strokes

A

Calculus removal stroke should be a short, precise stroke against a calculus deposit
Make only one upward stroke, then pause before making a second stroke
Do not make a series of back and forth strokes

65
Q

Characteristics of calculus removal stroke

A

Brief, tiny, biting stroke used to snap a calculus deposit from tooth
Moderate pressure applied against the tooth during brief, tiny stroke

66
Q

Area specific curet

A

A periodontal instrument used to remove light calculus deposits from the crowns and roots of teeth

67
Q

Design characteristics of area specific curet

A

Have long, complex functional shanks
Especially suited for instrumentation of root surfaces

68
Q

Design characteristics of AS Curets

A

Like universal Curets these instruments have a
Rounded back
Rounded toe
Semi circular cross section

69
Q

Unique design characteristics of AS Curets

A

The cutting edges are curved
Different from a universal curet that has parallel cutting edges

70
Q

Tilted face

A

Face is tilted in relation to the lower shank
Causes one cutting edge to be lower than the other each working end

71
Q

Lower cutting edge

A

Only the lower cutting edge is used for calculus removal

72
Q

Working cutting edge

A

Because the lower cutting edge is used, it is called the working cutting edge

73
Q

Nonworking cutting edge

A

The other cutting edge that is not used is called no working cutting edge

74
Q

Angulation

A

The lower cutting edge is automatically at a 70 degree angle to the tooth surface when the lower shank is parallel

75
Q

Identifying the lower cutting edge

A

In order to sharpen an area specific curet, you need to be an,to identify the lower cutting edge on each working end

76
Q

Explorer

A

An assessment instrument with a flexible wire like working end
Used to detect subgingival calculus deposits and anatomic features

77
Q

Functions of an assessment instrument

A

Use to examine tooth surfaces for calculus for
Calculus deposits
Dental anomalies
Anatomic features of the teeth
Assess dental restorations and sealants

78
Q

Subgingival

A

Use of an instrument apical to (beneath) the gingival margin

79
Q

Supragingival

A

Use of an instrument coronal to (above)the gingival margin

80
Q

Design characteristics of explorer

A

Made of flexible metal that conducts vibrations from the working end to the clinicians fingers

81
Q

Parts of the explorer

A

The tip is 1-2 mm
The tip is adapted to the tooth for detection for calculus deposits

82
Q

Explorer tip design

A

This explorer has a tip that is bent at a 90 degree angle to the lower shank
Ideal for subgingival use
Point not use for detection

83
Q

Lower shank

A

The lower shank of an explorer is the section of the shank that is nearest to the explorer tip

84
Q

Pigtail and cowhorn explorers

A

So named because they resemble a pigs tail or a bulls horns

85
Q

Pigtail and cowhorn use

A

Calculus detection in normal sulci or shallow pockets extending no deeper than the cervical third of the root

86
Q

Pigtail and cowhorn disadvantages

A

The curved lower shank causes considerable of stretching of the tissue away from the root surface

87
Q

Orban type explorer

A

Tip bent at 90 degrees to the lower shank
Straight lower shank

88
Q

Uses of orban type

A

Subgingival calculus detection on
Anterior root surfaces
Facial and lingual root surfaces of posterior teeth

89
Q

Orban type advantages

A

Bent tip allows the back of the tip( instead of the point) to be directed against the soft tissue base of the sulcus/pocket
Excellent for use on anterior teeth

90
Q

Orban type disadvantages

A

Straight shank makes it difficult to use on the line angles, mesial and distal surfaces of posterior teeth

91
Q

11/12 explorer design

A

Tip bent at 90 degree angle to lower shank
Long, complex shank design

92
Q

11/12 advantages

A

Smooth back of tip is in contact with soft tissue base of sulcus or pocket
Complex shank excellent for anterior and posterior teeth

93
Q

11/12 disadvantages

A

NONE
This explorer works week throughout the month and can be used int health sulci and deep perio pockets

94
Q

Assessment stroke

A

Is used to detect calculus deposits or other tooth surface irregularities on the tooth surface
It is also called an exploratory stroke

95
Q

Tactile sensitivity

A

Is the ability to detect tooth irregularities, such as calculus deposits, by feeling vibrations transferred from the explorer tip to the instrument shank and handle

96
Q

Subgingival exploring

A

Assessment strokes should be short in length and involve many overlapping strokes

97
Q

Technique tips for exploring

A

Grasp-relaxed grasp, middle finger rests lightly on shank
Adaption-1-2mm of side of tip
Lateral pressure-feather light pressure against tooth
Strokes-fluid, sweeping strokes

98
Q

Technique errors; exploring

A

Avoid firm, tense, death grip
Avoid applying pressure with the middle finger against the shank
Both of these errors reduce tactile information to the fingers

99
Q

Good technique for exploring

A

Keep the tip in contact with the root surface as you move across the tooth
Keep strokes short, about 2-3 mm in length
Make many overlapping, multidirectional strokes to assess the entire root surface

100
Q

Exploring proximal surfaces

A

Our proximal surfaces, lead with the explorer tip
Do not back into proximal surfaces
Strokes reach under contact area

101
Q

What is a fulcrum

A

A fulcrum refers to a stable point of support that dental hygienists use while performing procedures, such as scaling or cleaning teeth

102
Q

Adaption

A

The proper positioning and angling of dental instruments against the tooth surfaces during procedures like scaling or polishing

103
Q

What are the 6 Elements of instrumentation

A

Fulcrum
Angulation
Adaption
Insertion/stroke
Lateral pressure
Wrist motion activation

Preclinical Theory Test 3 (1 decks)

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