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Preclinical Theory Test 3 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a paired working end

A

An instrument with working-ends that are mirror images of each other

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2
Q

What is an unpaired working end

A

An instrument with two dissimilar working ends

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3
Q

What is a design name

A

School or person who designed instrument ex.gracey

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4
Q

What is a design number

A

Identifies the working-ends ex.1and 2

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5
Q

What is the number along handle

A

Each working end is identified by the number closest to it

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6
Q

What is number across handle

A

It is the first number(on the left) identifies the working end at the top
The second number is the working end on the lower end of the handle

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7
Q

Choosing the right handle

A

Recommended
-large diameter
-lightweight handle
-bumpy texturing
Avoid
-small diameter
-heavy,solid metal handle
-smooth or flat texturing

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8
Q

What is Instrument balance

A

A periodontal instrument is balanced if the working ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle

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9
Q

What is balanced

A

Balanced is if the working ends are centered with the midline of the handle

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10
Q

What is the significance of balance

A

It ensures that the finger pressure applied against the handle is transferred to the working end for calculus removal
An instrument that is not balanced is difficult to use and stresses the muscles of the hand

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11
Q

Shank bend

A

The shanks of most periodontal instruments are bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working end against the tooth surface

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12
Q

Simple shank design

A

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you
Simple shank will appear to be straight
Simple shanks for use on anterior teeth

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13
Q

Complex shank design

A

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you
Complex shank has side to side bends
Complex shanks for use on posterior teeth

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14
Q

Simple shank: anterior teeth

A

Anterior teeth are wedged shaped
A simple shank is adequate to reach along the crown and on to the root

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15
Q

Posteriors: complex shank

A

Posterior teeth have large,bulky crowns that are large in diameter than the roots
A complex shank is needed for posterior teeth

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16
Q

Functional shank

A

The portion of the shank that allows the working end to be adapted to the tooth surface

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17
Q

Lower/terminal shank

A

The portion of the functional shank that is nearest to the working end, also called the terminal shank

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18
Q

Functional shank

A

Begins below the working end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest to the handle

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19
Q

Lower shank

A

The portion of the functional shank nearest to the working end

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20
Q

Simple shank

A

Simple shank with short functional shank length-supragingival use on anterior teeth
Simple shank with long functional shank length-sub gingival use on anterior teeth

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21
Q

Complex shank use

A

Complex shank with short functional shank length-supragingival use on posterior teeth
Complex shank with long functional shank length -sub gingival use on posterior teeth

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22
Q

Extended lower shanks

A

Instrument A has a standard lower shank
Instrument B has an extended lower shank

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23
Q

Use of the extended lower shank

A

Instruments with the extended lower shanks can reach the middle and apical third of the root surface

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24
Q

Rigid shank

A

Instruments are larger in diameter and will withstand the pressure needed to remove heavy calculus deposits

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25
Flexible shank
Flexible shank instrument have a thinner shank diameter If used against a heavy calculus deposit it will bend or flex Flexible shanks offer more tactile information Must not be used on heavy calculus deposits
26
The working end
An instruments function is determined primarily,by the design of its working end To determine an instruments use, you must recognize the design characteristics of the working end
27
Parts of the working end
Face Back Lateral surfaces Cutting edges Toe or tip
28
Face and back
The shaded surface on this illustration is the face The surface opposite the face is the back of the working end
29
Lateral surfaces
The surfaces on either side of the face are called the lateral surfaces of the working end
30
Lateral surfaces
The surfaces on either side of the face are called the lateral surfaces of the working end
31
Cutting edge
The cutting edge is a sharp edge formed where the face and lateral surfaces meet Most working ends have 2 cutting edges
32
Toe
This is a bird eye view, looking down on the face On some working ends the cutting edges meet to form a rounded toe
33
Tip
This is a bird eye view, looking down on the face On some working ends the cutting edges meet to form a pointed tip
34
Cross section
A working end is exposed by cutting through the working end at right angles to its longest dimension
35
Significance of cross section
The cross section of a working end determines whether the instrument can be used subgingivally-beneath the gingival margin- or is restricted to supraginigval use
36
Instrument use
Working ends that are a triangular in cross section are limited to supragingival use Working ends that are semi circular in cross section maybe be used supragingivally and subgingivally
37
Shape of cross section
One working end is semi circular in cross section The other is triangular in cross section
38
Triangular cross sections
Sickle scalers are instruments with triangular cross sections Sickle scaler are limited to supragingival use
39
Semi circular cross section
Curets are instruments that are semi circular in cross section Curets may be used supragingivally and subgingivally
40
Periodontal probe
A slender instrument used to evaluate the health of periodontal tissues Blunt, rod shaped working ends
41
Explorer
Used to locate calculus deposits, tooth irregularities, carious lesions Circular in cross section
42
Sickle scaler
Used to remove supragingival calculus deposits Triangular in cross section Pointed tip Pointed back
43
Curet
Used to remove calculus deposits Semi circular cross section Rounded toe Rounded back
44
Periodontal file
Used to crush large calculus deposits Each working end has several cutting edges
45
Angulation
Angulation is the relation between the face of the working end and the tooth surface Visualization is needed by the clinician with the working end hidden beneath the gingival tissues
46
Visualizing in cross section
Calculus removal takes place beneath the gingival margin Understanding periodontium in cross section assists instrumentation
47
Insertion
Insertion is the act of gently sliding the working end beneath the gingival margin into the sulcus or periodontal pocket
48
Angulation for insertion
The face to tooth surface Angulation for insertion for insertion is an angle between 0-40degrees Also referred to as closed angle
49
Angulation for insertion cont.
Position the face as close to the tooth surface as possible In this position is moved gently beneath the gingival margin and down the root surface
50
Get ready zone
Prepare for instrumentation by placing the working end in the get ready zone on the middle third crown
51
Prepare for instrumentation
The get ready zone allows you to position the working end in preparation for instrumentation
52
The correct working end
Before using a double end instrument, you must decide which working end to use on the treatment area
53
Lower shank
To select the correct working end, observe the relation of the lower shank to the distal surface of the tooth
54
Working end 1
With this working end the lower shank is parallel to the distal surface Notice that the functional shank goes up and over the tooth
55
Working end 2
With this working end, the lower shank is not parallel to the distal surface The functional shank is down and around the tooth
56
Correct working end
This is the correct working end Lower shank parallel to distal surface Functional shank goes up and over the tooth
57
Steps for insertion
Place working end in get ready zone Lower instrument handle so that the face hugs the tooth near to a 0 degree Angulation Gently insert the working end beneath the gingival margin and slide the face along the root surface
58
Stabilization
Is the act of locking joints of ring finger and pressing fingertip against tooth surface Provides control of instrumentation stroke Fulcrum finger functions as support beam
59
Lateral pressure
Created by applying pressure with index finger and thumb inward against instrument handle Apply lateral pressure prior to and throughout instrumentation stroke
60
Amount of lateral pressure
Assessment-requires light touch against tooth calculus removal-firm lateral pressure against tooth Root debridment-less lateral pressure than calculus removal
61
Inadequate lateral pressure
Effective calculus removal depends on firm lateral pressure and correct Angulation Inadequate lateral pressure can result incomplete calculus removal
62
Steps for calculus removal
Employ a light assessment stroke over root surface Position curet apical to deposit Cup the deposit with face of curet
63
Steps for calculus removal cont.
Reassess grap Lock toe third against tooth Activate stroke opening face to 70-80 degree to Angulation
64
Calculus removal strokes
Calculus removal stroke should be a short, precise stroke against a calculus deposit Make only one upward stroke, then pause before making a second stroke Do not make a series of back and forth strokes
65
Characteristics of calculus removal stroke
Brief, tiny, biting stroke used to snap a calculus deposit from tooth Moderate pressure applied against the tooth during brief, tiny stroke
66
Area specific curet
A periodontal instrument used to remove light calculus deposits from the crowns and roots of teeth
67
Design characteristics of area specific curet
Have long, complex functional shanks Especially suited for instrumentation of root surfaces
68
Design characteristics of AS Curets
Like universal Curets these instruments have a Rounded back Rounded toe Semi circular cross section
69
Unique design characteristics of AS Curets
The cutting edges are curved Different from a universal curet that has parallel cutting edges
70
Tilted face
Face is tilted in relation to the lower shank Causes one cutting edge to be lower than the other each working end
71
Lower cutting edge
Only the lower cutting edge is used for calculus removal
72
Working cutting edge
Because the lower cutting edge is used, it is called the working cutting edge
73
Nonworking cutting edge
The other cutting edge that is not used is called no working cutting edge
74
Angulation
The lower cutting edge is automatically at a 70 degree angle to the tooth surface when the lower shank is parallel
75
Identifying the lower cutting edge
In order to sharpen an area specific curet, you need to be an,to identify the lower cutting edge on each working end
76
Explorer
An assessment instrument with a flexible wire like working end Used to detect subgingival calculus deposits and anatomic features
77
Functions of an assessment instrument
Use to examine tooth surfaces for calculus for Calculus deposits Dental anomalies Anatomic features of the teeth Assess dental restorations and sealants
78
Subgingival
Use of an instrument apical to (beneath) the gingival margin
79
Supragingival
Use of an instrument coronal to (above)the gingival margin
80
Design characteristics of explorer
Made of flexible metal that conducts vibrations from the working end to the clinicians fingers
81
Parts of the explorer
The tip is 1-2 mm The tip is adapted to the tooth for detection for calculus deposits
82
Explorer tip design
This explorer has a tip that is bent at a 90 degree angle to the lower shank Ideal for subgingival use Point not use for detection
83
Lower shank
The lower shank of an explorer is the section of the shank that is nearest to the explorer tip
84
Pigtail and cowhorn explorers
So named because they resemble a pigs tail or a bulls horns
85
Pigtail and cowhorn use
Calculus detection in normal sulci or shallow pockets extending no deeper than the cervical third of the root
86
Pigtail and cowhorn disadvantages
The curved lower shank causes considerable of stretching of the tissue away from the root surface
87
Orban type explorer
Tip bent at 90 degrees to the lower shank Straight lower shank
88
Uses of orban type
Subgingival calculus detection on Anterior root surfaces Facial and lingual root surfaces of posterior teeth
89
Orban type advantages
Bent tip allows the back of the tip( instead of the point) to be directed against the soft tissue base of the sulcus/pocket Excellent for use on anterior teeth
90
Orban type disadvantages
Straight shank makes it difficult to use on the line angles, mesial and distal surfaces of posterior teeth
91
11/12 explorer design
Tip bent at 90 degree angle to lower shank Long, complex shank design
92
11/12 advantages
Smooth back of tip is in contact with soft tissue base of sulcus or pocket Complex shank excellent for anterior and posterior teeth
93
11/12 disadvantages
NONE This explorer works week throughout the month and can be used int health sulci and deep perio pockets
94
Assessment stroke
Is used to detect calculus deposits or other tooth surface irregularities on the tooth surface It is also called an exploratory stroke
95
Tactile sensitivity
Is the ability to detect tooth irregularities, such as calculus deposits, by feeling vibrations transferred from the explorer tip to the instrument shank and handle
96
Subgingival exploring
Assessment strokes should be short in length and involve many overlapping strokes
97
Technique tips for exploring
Grasp-relaxed grasp, middle finger rests lightly on shank Adaption-1-2mm of side of tip Lateral pressure-feather light pressure against tooth Strokes-fluid, sweeping strokes
98
Technique errors; exploring
Avoid firm, tense, death grip Avoid applying pressure with the middle finger against the shank Both of these errors reduce tactile information to the fingers
99
Good technique for exploring
Keep the tip in contact with the root surface as you move across the tooth Keep strokes short, about 2-3 mm in length Make many overlapping, multidirectional strokes to assess the entire root surface
100
Exploring proximal surfaces
Our proximal surfaces, lead with the explorer tip Do not back into proximal surfaces Strokes reach under contact area
101
What is a fulcrum
A fulcrum refers to a stable point of support that dental hygienists use while performing procedures, such as scaling or cleaning teeth
102
Adaption
The proper positioning and angling of dental instruments against the tooth surfaces during procedures like scaling or polishing
103
What are the 6 Elements of instrumentation
Fulcrum Angulation Adaption Insertion/stroke Lateral pressure Wrist motion activation

Preclinical Theory Test 3 (1 decks)

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