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Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process that leads to sexual maturity or fertility is called

A

puberty

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2
Q

Prosocial behavior is associated with

A

fewer reported emotional problems

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3
Q

Sally has begun menstruation, which means she

A

can reproduce

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4
Q

At about ____ years of age, the 1st stage of puberty begins as androgens start to be secreted by the adrenal glands

A

6 to 8

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5
Q

Increased levels of ______ may signal the pituitary and sex glands to increase hormones in preparation for the beginning of puberty

A

leptin

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6
Q

Sex organs like ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the vagina are female ______ sex characteristics

A

primary

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7
Q

In males, broad shoulders are an example of _______ sex characteristics

A

secondary

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8
Q

Drug use is particularly harmful during the adolescent years because

A

the brain is growing rapidly

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9
Q

The influence of media on body image is most powerful when

A

it is embedded within music videos

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10
Q

Boys express the most satisfaction with

A

being average body weight

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11
Q

The time taken up by activities such as doing homework, texting friends, and surfing the Web is a primary reason why adolescents experience sleep

A

deprivation

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12
Q

Overweight adolescents tend to become

A

obese adults

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13
Q

Alexa’s parents notice that every time she eats, she runs to the bathroom. She has started a strict diet, and her mother found an empty box of laxatives in Alexa’s room. Alexa may have

A

bulimia nervosa

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14
Q

Consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion constitutes _______ drinking

A

binge

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15
Q

_____ is by far the most widely used illicit drug in the world

A

marijuana

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16
Q

In Piaget’s stage of formal operations, adolescents develop the capacity for ______ thought

A

abstract

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17
Q

Changes in the way adolescents process information reflects the maturation of the brain’s

A

frontal lobes

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18
Q

At age 17, Harper knows approximately ______ words

A

80,000

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19
Q

The first level of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning is _____ morality

A

preconventional

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20
Q

The benefits of ______ parenting continue to affect achievement during adolescence

A

authoritative

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21
Q

Alex is in training to become a psychologist. He talks with a 17-year-old who has no clear ideas of what type of work he would like to do as an adult and no strong feelings about any kind of belief system. Alex can conclude that the 17-year-old’s identity formation lacks

A

commitment

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22
Q

According to Erikson, ______ forms as young people choose an occupation, adopt values to live by, and develop a satisfying sexual identity

A

identity

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23
Q

Successful resolution of the _____ leads to fidelity, according to Erikson

A

identity crisis

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24
Q

Based on Marcia, ______ refers to the process of actively grappling with what to believe and who to be

A

crisis

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25
Q

According to Erikson, identity is a coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and

A

beliefs

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26
Q

Awareness of one’s own sexuality is an important part of

A

sexual identity

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27
Q

How people ______ and label themselves can change over time, as can the meaning of the identity labels used

A

self-identity

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28
Q

Being attracted to people of a different sex is identified as

A

heterosexuality

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29
Q

Sexual minority youth who do not successfully integrate their sexual identity into their _____ are at risk for anxiety, depression, or conduct problems

A

self-concept

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30
Q

Chlamydia and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted infections that are

A

treatable

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31
Q

Which of the following forms of birth control are most successful at preventing STIs

A

condoms

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32
Q

Parental neglect, early puberty, and poverty increase the risk of

A

early sexual activity

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33
Q

The most common sexually transmitted infection among adolescents is

A

HPV

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34
Q

As adolescents turn toward peers to fulfill many of their social needs, they

A

still look to parents for a secure base

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35
Q

Family conflict and emotional distance increase somewhat during adolescence, especially in ______ relationships

A

mother-daughter

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36
Q

An adolescent’s struggle for autonomy and personal identity is identified as

A

individuation

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37
Q

There is an increased risk of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents when they have

A

less parental monitoring

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38
Q

Perhaps the most important source of emotional support in adolescence comes from one’s

A

peers

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39
Q

Both adolescents and parents saw ______ issues as most subject to disclosure

A

prudential

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40
Q

Adolescent dating violence is a predictor of _____ in those who commit the violence

A

adult partner violence

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41
Q

The choice of antisocial peers is primarily affected by a teen’s

A

environment

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42
Q

The strength of social connections within a neighborhood and neighbors’ supervision of each other’s children is called collective

A

efficacy

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43
Q

Strategies to prevent delinquent behaviors should begin in

A

early childhood

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44
Q

Calla is self-supporting, makes independent decisions, and accepts that she is responsible for herself. Most people would consider Calla to be

A

an adult

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45
Q

Priya is focused on attaining holiness and seeks to maintain sanctity and purity in all that she does. Based on Shweder, she is showing the influence of the ethical system of

A

divinity

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46
Q

Which of the following may increase the risk of serious COVID-19 illness in young adults

A

obesity

47
Q

Research on obesity indicates that this condition is most likely to develop during

A

adolescence

48
Q

During emerging adulthood, the incidence of _____ peaks

A

drug use

49
Q

Which of the following groups reports the highest percentage of heavy alcohol use

A

Native Americans

50
Q

There has been a recent rise in the use of _____ and a decline in the use of ____ as contraceptive measures

A

the IUD; male sterilization

51
Q

Worldwide, over two-thirds of people infected with HIV live in

A

Africa

52
Q

For nearly 2 weeks each month, Kara experiences headaches, fatigue, food cravings, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Kara likely has

A

premenstrual syndrome

53
Q

The most common cause of infertility in men is

A

low sperm count

54
Q

Annie is attending college and working hard in her physics class. This class will contribute to gains in Annie’s _______ thinking

A

reflective

55
Q

A cognitive stage that emerges in adulthood and combines logic and emotion is called

A

postformal thought

56
Q

According to ______ theory, intelligence is comprised of three elements: componential, experiential, and contextual knowledge

A

Sternberg’s triarchic

57
Q

According to Kohlberg, being exposed to conflicting values and being responsible for others’ welfare are two experiences that lead to ________ morality

A

postconventional

58
Q

When Minki is faced with a moral dilemma, he is expected to discuss it openly, to be guided by his community’s standards, and to try and find a resolution to his problem that will please as many people as possible. Minki is probably from

A

a collectivistic culture

59
Q

A college course that mixes both online and classroom learning is called a(n) ______ class

A

hybrid

60
Q

Research on cognitive growth at work indicates a reciprocal relationship between the ______ of work and a person’s flexibility in coping with cognitive demands

A

substantive complexity

61
Q

According to Erikson, ______ occurs as faith in something larger than themselves

A

fidelity

62
Q

Frida is a college freshman who lives at home with her parents. She takes courses that her parents suggest and works in a job they encouraged her to apply for. She does not seem to engage in active development of her identity. Based on Marcia, she is in ______ status

A

foreclosure

63
Q

Due to a range of economic and cultural factors, the process of identity exploration for members of minority ethnic groups is often

A

shorter than that of their peers

64
Q

Generally, sexual minority children 1st realize there is something different about them

A

in childhood

65
Q

The resolution to Erikson’s stage of intimacy versus isolation is the virtue of

A

love

66
Q

Events that typically happen at a certain time in a person’s life are called ________ life events

A

normative

67
Q

Based on the typological approach, which of the following would show ego resiliency

A

someone showing adaptability under stress

68
Q

Omar graduated from college at age 22, started his career at age 25, married at age 27, and is now the father of 2 young children. The sequence of experiences conforms to the social clock described in the ______ model

A

timing-of-events

69
Q

Based on the timing-of-events model, people are usually very aware of their timing on life events and

A

the social clock

70
Q

Research seeking to complement and expand trait research by looking at personality as a functioning whole is called the _______ approach

A

typological

71
Q

The number of friends and the amount of time spent with them usually ______ in the course of young adulthood

A

decreases

72
Q

For young adults, friendships are often ______ than in either adolescence or later adulthood

A

less stable

73
Q

Kathleen is in a romantic relationship and has made a conscious decision to love and stay with her partner despite a number of challenges that they face. This is an example of the _____ element of Sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A

commitment

74
Q

Scott and Arlin are a married gay couple. Compared to heterosexual couples, Scott and Arlin

A

are more likely to negotiate and balance household chores

75
Q

In the United States, _______ is often viewed as a stepping stone to marriage

A

cohabitation

76
Q

Estimates are that approximately _____ percent of marriage experience infidelity

A

20-25

77
Q

Which woman is most likely to give birth at the youngest age based on her ethnic and cultural background

A

Rhiannon, who is Native American

78
Q

Based on research, which of the following roles is most demanding, especially for women, when children are young

A

parent

79
Q

In what way is the United States different from every other industrialized country in its support for working parents

A

It lacks guaranteed paid leave for child care of self-care

80
Q

The most frequently cited reasons for divorce are incompatibility and

A

a lack of emotional support

81
Q

Research indicates that married couples who expose their children to continued parental conflict

A

do greater damage than couples who divorcejn llo

82
Q

Foreclosure

A

commitment predetermined by political, social, or religious affiliation
when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values

83
Q

Identity diffusion
Role diffusion (confusion)

A

ambiguous belief systems, no vocational commitment
an adolescent does not seem to know or care what is their identity

84
Q

Moratorium

A

period of exploration of alternatives
choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions

85
Q

Identity achieved

A

adult like acceptance of social, religious, political, or vocational alternatives
you know who you are

86
Q

Early adulthood

A

proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood commonly found in industrialized countries

87
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory on Teens (Social Contract)

A

mutual benefit, reciprocity. Morally right and legally right are not always the same. Utilitarian rules that make life better for everyone

88
Q

Secure attachment form (Young Adulthood)

A

easy to get close to others, comfortable depending on them/vice versa, don’t often worry about abandonment/getting too close

89
Q

Avoidant attachment form (Young Adulthood)

A

somewhat uncomfortable being close to others, find it difficult to trust completely/depend on them, nervous when someone gets too close, love partners want to be more intimate than fell comfortable

90
Q

Anxious/Ambivalent attachment form (Young Adulthood)

A

others are reluctant to get close, worry partner doesn’t really love them/won’t stay, want to merge completely with another person, this sometimes scares people away

91
Q

Age of identity exploration (Erikson)

A

description of early adulthood
career choices, intimate relationships, foundation to adulthood

92
Q

Age of instability (Arnett)

A

exploration generates uncertainty

93
Q

Age of self focus (Arnett)

A

obligations more to themselves rather than others

94
Q

Age of possibilities (Arnett)

A

optimism

95
Q

social clock

A

a timetable based on social norms for accomplishing certain life events such as when to finish school, marry, start a career, have children, and retire

96
Q

Sternberg’s 7 Forms of Love

A

liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, fatuous love, compassionate love, consummate love

97
Q

3 levels of Sternberg’s forms of love

A

passion, intimacy, commitment

98
Q

attachment related anxiety

A

the extent to which an adult worreis about whether their partner really loves them

99
Q

attachment related avoidance

A

whether an adult can open up to others and whether they trust and feel they can depend on others

100
Q

homogamy

A

marriage between individuals who tend to be similar with respect to such variables as attitude, interests, goals, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background, and local origin

101
Q

heterogamy

A

marriage between individuals who tend to be dissimilar variables as attitude, interests, goals, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background, and local origin

102
Q

minority stress

A

refers to stressors unique to a minority group

103
Q

minority stressors

A

micro-aggression, violence, discrimination, harassment, and lack of approval from friends/family

104
Q

coping

A

to invest own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict

105
Q

Avoidant coping

A

ignoring a problem, either literally forgetting or hiding it, is the worst way of coping- it increases depression and the risk of suicide

106
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

attacking a stressor directly

107
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

changing emotional reactions

108
Q

extrinsic

A

comes from the outside and involves praises and rewards

109
Q

intrinsic

A

when you want to do something for the pure pleasure of doing it

110
Q

Do you agree with the research that suggests adolescents are overall a lonely group of people? Does your personal experience support this

A

(my answer) I would say yes. I had lots of friends at this age but not anyone I was super close with or could genuinely rely on. I felt very alone during the last years of high school and definitely after graduation. I made 2 close friends a year after graduation and they are still my 2 closest people I can actually rely on

111
Q

How have your beliefs about religion changed as you have aged?

A

(my answer) I grew up very religious - Christian, Southern Baptist. My grandpa is/has been a pastor my whole life. My father was a pastor until I was 6/7. I was required/forced to go to a church I didn’t want to attend. I lost interest in church around 17. I am not against religion or Christianity. I’ve come to believe God is not actively working on earth and I’m not sure if the Christian’s God is the God in reference. It’s very confusing to reassess what I’ve been taught.

112
Q

How might the over sexulization of people in adolescence play out in early adulthood?

A

(my answer) over sexualizing could lead to behavior done out of expectance. Expectations set up what we should do. Also sexualization leading up to exploration of ourselves can be confusing once were actually out in the world

113
Q

Under what circumstances would you have a relationship with another person who held significantly different views?

A

(my answer) I can have relationships with people with different views. It probably won’t be a close relationship. With close relationships I can agree to disagree. As long as it’s not something major like equality or racism. If its a romantic relationship I would need to be almost completely aligned. If we can agree to disagree and be open to hearing out different perspectives.

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