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Preclinical Theory > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an unpaired instrument?

A

Instrument with two dissimilar working ends

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2
Q

What is a paired working end?

A

An instrument with working ends that are mirror images of each other

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3
Q

What can an instrument name be?

A

The school or person who designed the instrument

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4
Q

What is recommended when choosing the right handle?

A

-Large diameter
-Lighteright handle
-Bumpy texturing

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5
Q

What does it look like if a periodontal instrument is balanced?

A

The working ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle

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6
Q

What is the significance of balance?

A

-ensures that finger pressure applied against the handle is transferred to the working end

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7
Q

What does a simple shank look like?

A

-the shank is straight

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8
Q

What are simple shanks used for?

A

-Anterior teeth
-to reach along the crown and onto the root

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9
Q

What does a complex shank look like?

A

Has side to side bends

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10
Q

What are complex shanks used for?

A

Posterior teeth

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11
Q

What is the functional shank?

A

Begins below the working end
-Extends to the last bend in the shank nearest to the handle

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12
Q

What is the lower shank?

A

-the portion of the functional shank nearest to the working end

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13
Q

Where would a simple shank with a short functional shank length be used?

A

Supragingival on anterior teeth

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14
Q

Where would a simple shank with a long functional shank length be used?

A

Subgingival on anterior teeth

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15
Q

Where would a complex shank with a short functional shank length be used?

A

Supragingival on posterior teeth

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16
Q

Where would a complex shank with a long functional shank length be used?

A

Subgingival on posterior teeth

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17
Q

Where can instruments with extended lower shanks be used?

A

The middle and apical third of the root surface

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18
Q

Ridgid vs flexible shank:

A

Ridgid shank: are larger in diameter, and used for heavy calculus deposits
Flexible shank: thinner in diameter, offer tactiele information and if used on heavy calculus it will bend or flex

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19
Q

What are the parts of working ends (5):

A

-face
-back
-lateral surfaces
-cutting edges
-toe or tip

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20
Q

Toe vs. Tip:

A

Toe: rounded edge
Tip: pointed edge

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21
Q

What are triangular working ends (in cross section view) used for?

A

Only supragingival

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22
Q

What are semi-circular working ends (in cross section view) used for?

A

Supragingivally and subgingivally

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23
Q

Two classifications of assessment instruments:

A

-periodontal probes
-explorers

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24
Q

Three classifications of calculus removal instruments:

A

-sickle scalers
-curets
-periodontal files

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25
Q

What is a periodontal probe used for?

A

-to evaluate the health of the periodontal tissues

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26
Q

Describe a periodontal probe:

A

-blunt
-rod shaped working ends

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27
Q

What is an explorer used for?

A

To locate calculus deposits, tooth irregularities and various lesions

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28
Q

Describe an explorer:

A

-circular cross section
-thin

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29
Q

What is a sickle scaler used for?

A

To remove supragingival calculus deposits

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30
Q

Describe a sickle scaler:

A

-triangular cross section
-pointed tip
-pointed back

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31
Q

What is a curet used for?

A

To remove calculus deposits

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32
Q

Describe a curet:

A

-semi circular cross section
-rounded toe
-rounded back

33
Q

What are periodontal files used for?

A

To crush large calculus deposits

34
Q

Describe a periodontal file:

A

Each working end has several cutting edge

35
Q

What is periodontal debridement?

A

The removal of bacterial plaque biofilms and calculus deposits from the crown and/or root surfaces and form within the pocket space

36
Q

Why do we scale (3):

A
  • to arrest the progress of periodontal disease
  • to create an environment that assists in maintaining tissue health
  • to increase the effectiveness of patient self-care by removing plaque retentive factors
37
Q

What does scaling to completion mean?

A

That you finish what you start
-short term goal: remove all deposits so that the robot surface is smooth
-long term goal: to promote healthy tissues

38
Q

What does SPT stand for and how often does it need to occur?

A

Supportive periodontal therapy (every 3 months)

39
Q

6 elements of instrumentation:

A

-fulcrum
-adaptation
-angulation
-insertion/stroke
-lateral pressure
-wrist motion activation

40
Q

Before you begin (4)…

A
  • the correct instrument for the area you’re working in
  • the instrument must be sharp
  • modified pen grasp
  • the tip 1/3 must be pointed in the direction that you want to travel
41
Q

Functions of a fulcrum (4):

A
  • stable hand support
  • enables hand and instrument to move as a unit (pivot)
  • facilitates a precise stroke against the tooth (lateral pressure)
  • decreases the likelihood of injury (brake)
42
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

Used to stabilize the clinicians hand during periodontal instrumentation

43
Q

Establishing a fulcrum (3):

A
  • with the pad of your ring finger of your dominant hand
  • preferably on an occlusal or Invisalign surface
  • as close to the area you are working on as possible
44
Q

Intraoral vs extraoral fulcrum:

A

Intraoral: stabilization of the dominant hand in the mouth, pad of ring finger on a tooth near tooth being instrumented
Extraorsl: stabilization of nondominant hand outside the mouth, usually on cheek or chin, used with the dental mirror

45
Q

What is adaptation?

A

The positioning of the first 1-2mm of the working-ends lateral surface in contact with the tooth

46
Q

Working end has 3 imaginary sections:

A

-leading third (or tip, or toe)
-middle third
-heel third

47
Q

Rules for correct adaptation (3):

A
  1. The toe-third (or tip-third) of the working end is always in contact with the tooth surface
  2. In some cases both the leading and the middle thirds of the working end can be adapted to the tooth
  3. The heel third of the working end is NOT adapted to the tooth surface
48
Q

What is angulation?

A

The relation between the face of the working end and the tooth surface

49
Q

What is angulation for insertion?

A

The relation between the face of the working end and the tooth surface

50
Q

Angulation for insertion:

A

0°-40°

51
Q

Angulation for calculus removal

A

60°-80°

52
Q

What is insertion

A

The action of moving the working ed beneath the gingival margin into the sulcus or periodontal pocket

53
Q

Types of instrumentation strokes (3):

A

-Assessment stroke
-Calculus removal stroke
-Root debridement stroke

54
Q

What is the assessment stroke?

A

-To evaluate the tooth surface
-Used with the explorers
-Feather-light stroke of moderate length

55
Q

What is the calculus removal stroke?

A

-Used to lift calculus deposits off of the tooth
-Used with curets, sickle scalers, and periodontal files
-Tiny biting stroke

56
Q

What is the length of a calculus removal stroke?

A

2-3mm

57
Q

What is a root debridement stroke?

A

-Used to removal residual calculus deposits, bacterial plaque and byproducts from: root surfaces that are exposed in the mouth due to recession and root surfaces within deep periodontal pockets
-Lighter shaving stroke
-Used with curets

58
Q

Length of root debridement stroke:

A

3+ mm

59
Q

What is burnished deposit?

A

A calculus deposit with the outermost layer removed

60
Q

Stroke directions (3):

A

-Vertical
-Oblique
-Horizontal

61
Q

Where are vertical strokes used?

A

-anterior facial, lingual, mesial and distal
-posterior mesial and distal
-the insertion stroke

62
Q

Where are oblique strokes used?

A

Facial and lingual surfaces of anterior and posterior teeth

63
Q

Where are horizontal strokes used?

A

-Line angles of posterior teeth and narrow root surfaces of anterior teeth
-Furcation areas
-Only used when the area is too tight to scale in any other fashion

64
Q

What is motion activation?

A

The act of moving the instrument to produce an instrument stroke against the tooth

65
Q

What is wrist activation?

A

-Rotating the hand and wrist as a unit to create an instrument stroke
-similar to the action of turning a doorknob

66
Q

Uses of wrist activation:

A

-calculus removal with hand activated instruments
-together the hand and wrist create more power to move the instrument
-causes the least amount of fatigue to the muscles of the hand and fingers

67
Q

What is hand pivoting?

A

A slight swinging motion of the hand and arm carried out by balancing on the fulcrum finger

68
Q

What is the purpose of pivoting?

A

Assist the clinician in maintains adaptation as the working end moves around the tooth

69
Q

What is rolling the instrument?

A

Helps the clinician maintain precise contact of the working end to the tooth surface

70
Q

Where is the get ready zone?

A

The middle third of the crown

71
Q

Properties of the correct working end

A

-insert the instrument between 1st molar and 2nd premolar
-lower shank is parallel to the distal surface
-functional shank goes up and over the tooth

72
Q

What is stabilization?

A

-The act of locking joints of ring finger and pressing fingertip against tooth surface
-provides control of instrumentation stroke

73
Q

How is lateral pressure created?

A

Applying pressure with index finger and thumb inward against instrument handle

74
Q

Steps for calculus removal (6):

A

-light assessment stroke over root surface
-position curet apical to deposit
-cup the deposit with face of curet
-reassess grasp
-lock toe third against tooth
-activate strokeopening face to 70-80 degree

75
Q

What is an area specific curet?

A

-periodontal instrument used to remove light calculus deposits from the crowns and roots of teeth

76
Q

Design characteristics of an area specific curet (5):

A

-long complex shanks
-rounded back
-rounded toe
-semi circular cross section
-cutting edges are curved/unparallel

77
Q

What angle is an area specific curet face tilted?

A

70°

78
Q

How identify the lower cutting edge? (3)

A

-hold instrument so you are looking directly at the toe
-raise or lower the instrument hand,e untik the lower shank is perpendicular to the floor
-look closely at the working end. One cutting edge is lower to the floor

Preclinical Theory (2 decks)

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