Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Research methods > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Multivariate correlational designs

A

measuring more than 2 variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

longitudinal designs

A

multivariate correlational studies where the same variables are measured over time to help establish temporal precedence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cross-sectional correlation

A

the relationship between 2 variables measured at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autocorrelation

A

correlation between a variable and itself at another point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cross-lagged correlation

A

the correlation between one variable at one time and another variable at another time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bi-directional relationship

A

the relationship goes both ways (can’t establish temporal precedence because they both cause each other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

identifying temporal precedence in longitudinal designs

A

look for a statistically significant and strong r value for the cross-lagged correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

statistical control

A

hold constant in analyses to measure the unique effect of a variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

multiple regression

A

statistical analysis that can be used to rule out third variables (does the relationship persist when controlling for the third variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

beta

A

isolating a variable and measuring it to see if it impacts our correlation then when we control for this variable and see if our correlation still remains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

experimental control

A

hold a construct constant across participants in an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

moderation

A

used to test if the direction and/ or strength of an association between two variables changes based on another variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mediation

A

used to test why two variables are related (explanation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complete mediation

A

proportion mediated ≥ .80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

partial mediated

A

proportion mediated < .80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when can researchers say that a correlation is statistically significant

A

when the CI does not include 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

random assignment

A

all participants have an equal and known chance of being assigned to either condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

establishing covariance

A

comparison group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

establishing temporal precedence

A

longitudinal study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

establishing internal validity

A

multiple regression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

confound

A

a variable that could also be related to the DV and varies systematically with the levels of the IV

22
Q

noise

A

a variable that could also be related to the DV, but does not vary systematically with the levels of the IV

23
Q

selection effect

A

when the type of person systematically differs between conditions (especially a problem when you let participants pick their own condition)

24
Q

matched group design

A

pairing participants based on some variable and then randomly put into separate groups

25
independent groups design (between-groups designs)
- treatment group and a control group posttest only and pretest and posttest
26
matched-groups
posttest only and pretest and posttest
27
within groups designs
- the same group is exposed to both conditions - repeated measures - concurrent measures
28
posttest only design
separate groups that are either in one level of the IV or the other, not both measure the DV only once after exposure
29
pretest and postest
experience one level of the IV or the other DV is measured before and after
30
Repeated measures
participants experience both variables, measure DV at 2 points in time
31
advantages and disadvantages of repeated measures
advantages - more statistical power - noise variables turned into control variables - need fewer participants disadvantages - fatigue effects - practice effects - carryover effects solution - counterbalancing
32
concurrent measures
participants experience both levels at the same time
33
other threats and solutions
Experimenter bias - double blind studies Demand characteristics - double blind study Placebo effect - placebo control group
34
Novelty effect
when the lab creates an artificial situation that doesn't apply to other studies or real-life
35
manipulation check
an extra dependent variable that researchers can insert into an experiment to convince them that their experimental manipulation worked
36
pilot test
pre-study before the actual study can be used to run a manipulation check
37
the solution to confounds and selection effects
random assignment or matched groups design
38
order effects
when there is a repeated measure design - fatigue, practice, carryover solution - counterbalancing
39
researcher bias
When the researcher's expectations influence their interpretation of the study's results solution - double-blind study
40
demand characteristics
When participants guess the purpose of the study and change their behaviour accordingly solution - double-study
41
placebo effects
When participants improve only because they believe they are receiving a valid treatment solution - placebo control
42
maturation threat
people naturally mature and change over time solution - comparison group
43
history threats
the external event that affects most of the group takes place solution - comparison group
44
regression threat
extreme scores tend to return to their average levels over time solution - comparison group
45
attrition threat
when people systematically drop out of the study solution - check pre-test scores - remove the pretest scores of those who dropped out
46
testing threat
change in scores due to taking the dependent measure more than once solution - comparison group - use posttest only design - use different versions of the DV measure for measure for pretest vs. posttest
47
instrumental threat
change in scores due to a change in the way the DV solution - include a comparison group - use posttest only design - ensure measures of the DV at the pretest and posttest are equivalent (use same coders, have clear coding manual) - if using different versions of the measure of the DV, counterbalance the measures
48
ceiling effect
participants all score high (test too easy)
49
floor effect
participants all score low (test too hard)
50
2 reasons for obscuring factors
1. not enough between-group differences 2. too much variability within the group

Research methods (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions