Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Test 3😵‍💫 > Flashcards

Test 3😵‍💫 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary waste product eliminated by the kidney?

A

Ammonia converted into urea by the liver and excreted by the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outer section of the kidney:

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inner section of the kidney:

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the nephron start?

A

Bowmans capsule (surrounds glomerulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the glomerulus?

A

Filtration: capillary system of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells are involved with filtration in the kidney?

A

Podocytes–very leaky system and these cells have filtration slits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of things are not filtered at the glomerulus?

A

Proteins, larger compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerular capillaries

Bowmans capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different parts of the renal tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of henle

Distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs at proximal convoluted tubule?

A

80% of filtrate is reabsorbed here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What meds work at the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

Drugs that target sodium and bicarb reabsorption

EX: mannitol, caffeine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the loop of henle?

A

Descending and Ascending limbs

Descending involved with water reabsorption

Ascending impermeable to water–active transport NKCC2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does NKCC2 move ions?

A

Active transport than brings in one sodium, one potassium and 2 chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Less water movement
dumps into collecting ducts
this is where the nephron ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the collecting ducts?

A

Not part of the nephron
Final site for sodium reabsorption
most important site for potassium excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does filtration occur?

A

Renal corpuscle in the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does absorption occur in the kidneys?

A

Capillaries responsible for reapsorption all along the tubules

18
Q

What is the vasa recta?

A

Capillary system surrounding the ascending and descending loop of henle responsible for reabsorbing ions that are taken back up in the medulla

19
Q

Where does secretion occur in the kidney?

A

somewhere else in the tubule outside of the bowmans capsule

20
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

now used some for mountain sickness

21
Q

Mannitol

A

Works on proximal convoluted tubule

22
Q

What are the strongest diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics

23
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Ascending limb

24
Q

What is the only loop diuretic that is not a sulfonamide?

A

Ethacrynic acid

25
Q

What allergy prevents someone form taking a loop diuretic?

A

Sulfa allergies

26
Q

Lasix

A

loop diuretic

inhibits NKCC2 for more Na+ in the lumen and more Na+ out into urine that water follows

27
Q

What are all thiazide diuretics?

A

Sulfonamides

28
Q

Conivaptan

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

29
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH–increase water reabsorption by adding preformed aquaporins to surface membrane

30
Q

Spironolactone

A

potassium sparing diuretic

blocks aldosterone receptors

31
Q

Amiloride

A

inhibit sodium influx through ion channels in luminal membrane

32
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

increases osmolality inducing water to stay in the nephron and promotes removal of renal toxins

counter acts osmotic forces between medulla and inside nephron

reduced ICP 60-90 minutes after

33
Q

What is mannitol toxicity?

A

Leaky to vascular system–enters extracellular compartments and causes edema and acute hyponatremia

34
Q

What do you give for patients with diabetes insipidus?

A

Thiazide diuretics–decrease plasma volume, decrease GFR, water and NaCl reabsorption

35
Q

Terbutaline

A

Beta 2 agonist –bronchodilator

36
Q

albuterol

A

For short term relief
beta 2 agonist–bronchodilator

37
Q

Epi

A

Beta 1 and alpha 1

alpha constricts blood vessels and decreases laryngeal edema

38
Q

Theophylline

A

Naturally in tea

for short term bronchodilator

purified theophylline–very low TI

PDE inhibitor

39
Q

Ipatropium Bromide

A

Anti muscarinic–block parasympathetic that follow sympathetic stimulation

40
Q

Long term asthma controllers

A

anti-inflammatory:
-steroids
-antibodies

Leukotriene antagonist:
-lipoxygenase inhibitors
-receptor antagonists

41
Q

FEV1 airway function test:

A

forced expiratory volume over 1 second –How much air they can blow out over 1 second after inhaling increased concentration of histamine

FEV significant drop in asthma patients

42
Q

PEF pulmonary function test:

A

peak expiratory flow–Maximum expiratory flow they can force out into a flowmeter

Pharmacology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions