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Ortho > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

In ortho, the bond b/w the bond and the enamel is chemical or mechanical

A

mechanical

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2
Q

Dr. Angle introduced what appliance, when

A

Edgewise, 1928

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3
Q

Dr. Andrews introduced what appliance when

A

Modern straight wire appliance, early 1970s

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4
Q

Edgewise appliances character

A

Fixed, multibanded, bonded appliances with multiple wire bends

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5
Q

What was required in the wires for the Edgewise appliance

A

1st order, 2nd order, 3rd order bends

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6
Q

First order do what to teeth

A

rotate

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7
Q

Second order do what to teeth

A

intrusion/extrusion

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8
Q

Third order do what to teeth

A

torque buccal/lingual

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9
Q

Synonym for first order bends and how are they directed

A

In Out Bends, labio-lingual offsets on archwire in the horizontal plane

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10
Q

Synonym for second order bends and how are they directed

A

Tipping Bends, offsets on archwire in the Vertical plane to change angulation mesio-distally

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11
Q

Synonym for third order bends and how are they directed

A

Torquing Bends, placed in a rectangular archwire to change bucco-lingual or labio-lingual inclination of a tooth

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12
Q

How do Straight wire appliances work

A

prescribed for individual tooth with a certain thickness base and angulation of the slot to the long axis of the tooth both in the M-D and B-L all incorporated into the bracket

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13
Q

Theory of straight wire appliance

A

No need for 1st(rotating bends), 2nd (tipping bends), or 3rd (Torquing bends) order bends in the wire

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14
Q

Do orthodontists still do bends w/ straight wire appliances

A

yes, do finishing bends and detailing bends b/c teeth do not have ideal anatomy

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15
Q

Contemporary Fixed appliance set up

A

stainless steel bands and bracket

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16
Q

Stainless steel bands usually put on which teeth

A

Molars and second premolars

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17
Q

3 general types of contemporary brackets

A

Metal, Ceramic, Self-Ligating

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18
Q

What can metal brackets be made of

A

Stainless Steel, titanium, gold

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19
Q

Advantage of ceramic brackets

A

esthetics

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20
Q

What are self ligating brackets

A

special locking mechanism built on the bracket to engage the archwire in the slot eliminating the need for ligature

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21
Q

What is a ligature

A

the rubber o-ring that holds the wire in the bracket

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22
Q

2 most commonly used bracket slot sizes

A

0.018 X 0.025 “ 0.022 X 0.028 “

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23
Q

Band definition for the layman

A

metal that surrounds the whole tooth

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24
Q

Bracket for the layman

A

little piece that sits on the front of the tooth

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25
Q

When see bonding in Ortho should think what

A

putting bracket on the facial of a tooth

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26
Q

What has allowed brackets to be placed as far back as the molars

A

direct bonding technique

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27
Q

What attachments are preferred for the anterior teeth

A

bonded

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28
Q

What attachments are preferred for the premolars and molars

A

banded or bonded

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29
Q

Which is more complicated banding or bonding & why

A

Banding because it requires tooth separation, fitting of the band, and cementing the band

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30
Q

Purpose of Separation

A

slightly loosen tight interprox contacts b/w teeth to create space to fit bands at the following appointment

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31
Q

How long separation in children

A

1 week

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32
Q

How long separation in adulst

A

2 weeks

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33
Q

Most popular separator

A

elastics

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34
Q

What separator to use w/ tight interproximals

A

brasswire and metal springs

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35
Q

Is band one size fits all and does it have

attachments

A

No, they are preformed w/ prewelded attachments

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36
Q

General fitting of the band

A

you are stretching the stainless steel band over the tooth so that it is tight, but not so tight as to break it

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37
Q

2 most common cements used to cement the bands

A

Zinc phosphate Glass ionomer

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38
Q

Why are glass ionomer cements popular

A

elease fluoride ions to help minimize decalcification

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39
Q

how is bonding achieved in ortho

A

mechanical locking of adhesive to surface irregularities in enamel and to the meshed base of the orthodontic bracket

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40
Q

3 steps of bracket bonding

A

etch Prime

Place resin loaded bracket and light cure

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41
Q

Etch w/ what material

A

37% phosphoric acid

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42
Q

Purpose of etch

A

create surface irregularities on enamel to enhance bonding

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43
Q

What do self-etching primers do

A

combine etch and prime steps

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44
Q

What are “tooth size problems “

A

when there is space to adjust but not so much as to need tooth removal

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45
Q

how fix tooth size problems

A

can go interproximally and shave off enamel (up to 3mm ?)

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46
Q

Why are brackets good for ortho “tooth size” problems

A

leave the interproximal surface accessible for modification

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47
Q

Which are less prone to irritate gingiva or cause white spot lesions, bands or brackets

A

brackets

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48
Q

If tooth will receive heavy intermittent force against attachments (e.g. max first molar w/ headgear) what is placed, band or bracket

A

band

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49
Q

If tooth will need both labial and lingual attachments (e.g. teeth requiring crossbite elastics) what is placed, band or bracket

A

band

50
Q

If tooth has short clinical crown is band or bracket placed

A

band

51
Q

If tooth surface is incompatible w/ bonding, what can be placed

A

band

52
Q

Example of a tooth surface incompatible w/ bonding

A

restored tooth surface

53
Q

Example of a tooth surface incompatible w/ bonding

A

restored tooth surface

54
Q

3 archwire materials

A

Nickel titanium Beta titanium

Stainless Steel

55
Q

2 archwire forms

A

Broad

Regular

56
Q

3 cross sections of archwire

A

Round Square

Rectangle

57
Q

6 cross-sectional sizes of archwires

A
  1. 014” 0.016” 0.018”

0. 016 X 0.016” 0.016 X 0.022” 0.016X0.025”

58
Q

What 2 things are archwire selection based on

A

Treatment philosophy Stage of Treatment

59
Q

typical nickel-titanium archwire composition

A

55% Nickel, 45% Titanium

60
Q

2 properties NiTi archwir

A

shape memory Superelasticity

61
Q

The superelasticity of NiTi is based on what

A

phase transformation from austenitic to martensitic and back

62
Q

is thermoelasticity the same as superelasticity

A

No thermoelasticity is a phase change based on heating or cooling. Wire is heated, bent, and when cooled, it maintains that new bended form

63
Q

What is Superelasticity

A

Phase change due to the application of stress

64
Q

what is the stress applied to superelastic NiTi archwire

A

pushing the archwire into the bracket

65
Q

What phase is a NiTi straight out of the package, unstressed, in, austenitic or martensitic

A

Austenitic, stiff

66
Q

Stressing the NiTi into the bracket makes it more pliable, which is what phase, austenitic or martensitic

A

Martensitic, pliable

67
Q

How do the differences in stress work on a NiTi in ortho

A

as the tooth moves the stress on the NiTi lesses so it goes from martensitic(pliable) to Austenitic(stiff) until it is back to its original archform

68
Q

Wire resumes its original shape upon deflection ,low formability

A

Shape memory, NiTi has high shape memory

69
Q

Low stiffness means the wire is flexible or rigid

A

Flexible, NiTi is Highly flexible

70
Q

Revovery exhibited by wire upon its unloading/deactivation

A

Springback, NiTi has high springback

71
Q

Maximum deformation/deflection of an orthodontic wire w/in its elastic range

A

Range, NiTi has high range

72
Q

Is NiTi high or low friction and is this a disadvantage or advantage

A

High friction, it’s a disadvantage, can cause translation to go slower due to friction in bracket as tooth moves

73
Q

3 disadvantages of NiTi

A

High Friction, Can’t be soldered, Expensive

74
Q

NiTi is used in what phase of ortho treatment and why

A

Initial stage, deliver light continuous forces w/ large deflections

75
Q

Does Beta-Titanium wire have any Nickel in it

A

No

76
Q

Beta-Titanium arch wire composition

A

9% Titanium (Ti)
11% Molybdenium (Mo) 6% Zirconium (Zr)
4% Tin (Sn)

77
Q

How does Beta titanium relate to NiTi and Stainless

Steel

A

Stronger than NiTi but weaker than SS

78
Q

Force level of Beta-Titanium versus for Stainless Steel for same amount of deflection

A

BTi has 1⁄2 force level for deflection as Stainless Steel

79
Q

2 indications for using Beta-Titanium over Stainless Steel or NiTi

A

Pt has a Nickel Allergy
Pt requires force levels lower than SS but greater
than NiTi

80
Q

What are the Springback, Range, and Friction for BetaTitanium, High or Intermediate

A

Intermediate

81
Q

Can Beta-titanium be soldered or welded

A

Yes

82
Q

Considered the main arch wire in most orthodontic practices

A

Stainless Steel

83
Q

Stainless Steel composition

A

71% Iron (Fe)
18% Chromium (Cr)
8% Nickel (Ni) <0.2% Carbon ©

84
Q

When would use Stainless Stell

A

finishing

85
Q

3 reasons for Stainless Steel popularity

A

Good mechanical properties Corrosion Resistant

Low cost

86
Q

Because it is highly formable, what does that mean for Stainless Steel wire

A

bends will stay in the wire

87
Q

What is the Springback and Range of Stainless Steel, low, intermediate, or high

A

Low

88
Q

Initial Stage ortho main goal and wire of choice

A

Intraarch level and align, NiTi

89
Q

Initial stage goal stated differently

A

Take care of all rotations (1st order), intrusions and extrusions (2nd order) in the arch, not focused on spaces

90
Q

Intermediate stage focus

A

space closure

91
Q

What is required for space closure in Intermediate Stage

A

need greater control of tooth movement for interarch correction while providing intraarch stability

92
Q

Wire choice for intermediate stage

A

SS or BTi

93
Q

Finishing stage is called

A

Detailing

94
Q

Wire choice for finishing stage

A

SS or Bti

95
Q

If see a chain elastic, what is that used for and what can be assumed is the wire type it covers

A

used for space closure(intermediate stage), so must cover a SS or BTi

96
Q

Elastics do what

A

help w/ tooth movement

97
Q

Elastic types

A

Class I Class II

Class III Cross Elastics Box Elastics

98
Q

Elastics require what for patient success

A

Patient cooperation

99
Q

Elastic traction b/w teeth or groups of teeth of the same arch (e.g. during canine retraction using sliding mechanics)

A

Class I elastics

100
Q

Elastics extending from the anterior aspect of the maxillary arch to the posterior aspect of the mandibular arch

A

Class II elastics

101
Q

Class II elastics used for

A

Correct CII malocclusion Reduce overjet

Minimize anchorage loss during max incisor retraction by taking advantage of intermax anchorage

102
Q

If elastic goes from Max Canine to Mand Mol in Class II elastics, what will each tooth do

A

Max canine pulled distal and will partially extrude, Mand mol pulled mesial and partially extrude

103
Q

Class II elastics correct class II malocclusion how

A

pull maxillary teeth back and mand teeth fwd

104
Q

What is a side effect that must be managed w/ class II elastics

A

Extrusion

105
Q

Elastic from Mandibular Canines to Max first molars

A

Class III elastics

106
Q

Class III elastics used when

A

aid Class III malocclusion correction Facilitate protraction of Max Post teeth
Improve incisor relationship in edge to edge situation

107
Q

What do max mol and mand canine do in CIII elastics

A

Max mol moves forward, ,mand canine moves back and both extrude

108
Q

2 cautions for both Class II and Class III elastics

A

create vertical force which may open bite Move anterior teeth forward (flaring)

109
Q

When Class II elastics are used, which anterior teeth will flare

A

Mandibular anterior

110
Q

Intermaxillary elastics in various configurations used to close open bites by extruding teeth

A

Vertical Elastics

111
Q

2 configurations of Vertical Elastics

A

Triangular or Box

112
Q

Elastic extending from the palatal aspect of a Max tooth to the Buccal aspect of a mandibular tooth (or reverse)

A

crossbite elastic to correct crossbite

113
Q

Problem w/ crossbite elastic

A

crosses occlusal table so pt bites on it

114
Q

What would an elastic that goes from Right Maxillary Canine across to the Left Mandibular Canine be doing

A

anterior elastic to bring midline back

115
Q

Comprehensive Orthodontic treatment typically begins when

A

at or after late mixed dentition

116
Q

3 Goals of Comprehensive Ortho

A

Function Esthetics

Stability

117
Q

Treatment is hardline or compromise

A

Compromise of function/esthetics/stability for result that is most attainable and maintainable

118
Q

3 functional Goals

A

Dental/Skeletal/ Soft Tissue

119
Q

Function Dental Goals of Comprehensive Ortho

A

Class I canines
Normal Overbite/Overjet (2mm/2mm) Canine or Group function guidance
No crowding or spacing

120
Q

Function Soft tissue Goals of Comprehensive Ortho

A

Lips close w/ minimum strain Balanced soft tissue

Ortho (6 decks)

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