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EMP > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the essentials to the richess of Earth?

A

minerals, ores and volatile elements

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2
Q

what was the reality of the economy related to space industry?

A

-planetary resources failed to raise funds
-focused on the religion of space rather than model
-no clients base = poor revenue

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3
Q

what is a chondrule?

A

tiny solid spheres formed in the gas cloud tht surrounded the sun

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4
Q

what does the presence of chondrules give?

A

give-away sign that the rock came from a protoplanet that is undifferentiated.
composed of primordial material of our solar system

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5
Q

what’s the difference between achondritic meteorites and asteroids?

A

-don’t contain chondrules –> come from a differentiated parent body
e.g; ceres and vesta are differentiated
-they also come from different parts of parent body
e.g; stony are from crust
iron meteorites come from core
stony-irons come from mantle core

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6
Q

what are the three types of asteroids?

A
  1. C-Type asteroids; dark and carbonaceous (75%)
  2. S-Type asteroids; rusty red and composed of iron and magnesium silicate
  3. M-Type asteroids; rich with metallic substances
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7
Q

what mission was psyche?

A

mission to a metal world
-explore origins of planetary cores
Metallic asteroid 16 psyche

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8
Q

which is the heaviest know M-Type asteroid?

A

16 Psyche

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9
Q

give facts about 16 psyche…

A

-90% Fe
-Most massive M-type asteroid (11th)
-only known ‘iron-world’

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10
Q

what are high value asteroid materials?

A

H,C,N,O

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11
Q

what is In Situ resource utilization?

A

it is to use what is available on Moon and mars for sustained presence/launching further

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12
Q

where was water found on Mars and Moon?

A

Mars: 2% in soil, polar ice caps, subsurface ice/water
Moon: shadowed craters near south pole

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13
Q

Oxygen used for breathing…

A

extract from minerals
mars 2020 MOXIE

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14
Q

Regolith was used for?

A

construction of bases, landing/launch pads

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15
Q

what are potential benefits of in situ?

A

-scientific exploration of Moon and mars
-reduce cost of space exploration missions, including space telescopes for astronomy
-human colonization of Moon ad mars
-technological innovations
-economic returns

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16
Q

what are the challenges of in situ?

A

-low-gravity on asteroids–>diffcult to land and secure spacecraft, machinery
-unknown resources –> CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION not well known
-little existing technologies
-expensive
-no space market … yet

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17
Q

what are they using as shelters from harsh environments on mars and moon?

A

lava tubes

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18
Q

what’s a lava tube?

A

caves that are carved by flowing lava that eventually drains out leaving subsurface void

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19
Q

what are the caves often form?

A

fluid, basaltic lava flowing down a slope i.e side of volcano

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20
Q

liquid lava runs out and then?

A

cools underneath the surface which forms the lava tube

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21
Q

what is a site that was thought to be a lava tube?

A

Marius Hills Hole

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22
Q

are lava tubes subsurface structures?

A

yes

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23
Q

why are lava tubes a problem?

A

very few instruments are capable of performing direct measurements of underground structures

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24
Q

what new technology are they modernizing

A

technology using radar

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25
Q

why are they using radar technology?

A

detect lava tubes from orbit based on their electromagnetic signatures

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26
Q

name 2 places where they are studying lava tubes on earth?

A

-spain; Corona
-cali; lava beds monument

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27
Q

what controls a planet’s surface temperature?

A

Greenhouse effect

28
Q

what is the natural greenhouse effect?

A

-sun = solar radiation
-Re-radiated heat out of atmosphere
-Less re-emitted heat and more heat escape into space

29
Q

what is human enhanced Greenhouse effect?

A

the difference from natural is that there is more re-emitted heat and less heat escapes into space

30
Q

what does our atmosphere block and absorb?

A

block = UV radiation
absorb & re-emitting = IR radiation

31
Q

give the order of our atmosphere… lowest to highest

A

1- troposphere
2-ozone layer
3-startosphere
4-mesosphere
5-thermosphere

32
Q

what kind of atmosphere does Mars have?

A

thin atmosphere with almost all CO2 in ground

33
Q

what kind of atmosphere does venus have?

A

Thick atmosphere containing 96% CO2

34
Q

what type of atmosphere does Earth have?

A

0.03% of CO2 in atmosphere
78% Nitrogen
21% oxygen

35
Q

what would Venus drop to in temperature without G.E?

A

-40 Venus (from 470)
-18 Earth
-55 Mars

36
Q

Faint Young Sun Paradox
give facts…

A

-sun was 30% less luminous 4.6 Ga
-entire oceans should have been ice covered 4.6-2 Ga
BUT liquid water must have existed on earth’s surface since 3.7 Ga at least

37
Q

what does the Faint young sun paradox make scientists think about?

A

that the Early Earth had to have a stronger greenhouse effect

38
Q

what makes scientist thonk that the early Earth had a stronger greenhouse effect?

A

the fact that the sun was 30% dimmer but Earth still had liquid water, it should’ve been frozen but it wasn’t

39
Q

what was the earlier greenhouse effect like for earth to have liquid water despite the su being fainter?

A

more CO2 - extensive volcanism, no plants (photosynthesis few)

40
Q

Where is most of the CO2 today since it’s what kept this Earth warmer during F.Y.S.P?

A

locked away in lithosphere due to
-carbonate rocks (limestones)
-Fossil fuels (coal, oil..)

41
Q

what did trapping CO2 bring?

A

weathering of silicates

CaSiO3 + CO@ = CaCO3 + SiO2

42
Q

what is venus’ G.E?

A

water vapor = greenhouse gas

43
Q

does venus have any plate tectonicss?

A

no because with no liquid water, no lubricant

also no liquid water = no silicate weathering

44
Q

Venus accumulates in the atmosphere?

A

CO2 degasses from rocks at Higher temps –> goes to atmosphere

45
Q

what do we call venus’ G.E?

A

Runaway G.E

46
Q

the runaway G.E simply just means…

A

that CO2 plays a vial role in the circulation heating the planet up

47
Q

why does Mars have less gravity to hang onto atmosphere?

A

because its smaller mass

48
Q

why is Mars exposed to charged particles of solar wind?

A

magnetic field is shut down

49
Q

how to scientist measure Mars’ climate history since its changed alot?

A

ratio or argon isotopes in upper atmosphere using NASA’s MAVEN mission

50
Q

argon can only be removed by sputtering, what is that?

A

ions get “picked up” by solar wind and slammed into top of atmosphere knocking other atoms into space

51
Q

Given F.Y.S.P how could Mars have been warmer back then?

A

warm for short periods of time
-Bursts of CH4 and H from volcanoes
-Impacts ?

52
Q

why do we care about the Jezero crater?

A

had a carbonate Basin fill
-Used to be a filled lake

53
Q

what was the fisr satellite to be sent and when?

A

1957 -Sputnik (USSR)

54
Q

First human in space? date and name

A

Yuri Gagarin
1961

55
Q

first humans on Moon?

A

1969
Apollo 11

56
Q

when was Voyager 1 & 2 released?

A

1977

57
Q

fist probe on Jupiter?

A

Galileo
1995

58
Q

first soft landing on comet?

A

Rosetta
2014

59
Q

first probe on Venus?

A

1975
Venera 7

60
Q

first reusable space shuttle?

A

1981

61
Q

international space station?

A

ISS
1988

62
Q

when will the first humans be on mars?

A

ITS Mission 2020’s

63
Q

Canada was the 3rd country to design and build an artificial satellite

A

september 29th 1962
Alouette 1

64
Q

what research is going on the ISS?

A

-disease research
-muscle atrophy combat
-water purification
-growing food in microgravity

65
Q
A

EMP (3 decks)

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