Test 3 Flashcards
target wt to achieve certain % body fat:
Step 1: wt of fat = total BW x % current body fat
Step 2: fat-free wt = total BW - wt of current fat
Step 3: target wt = current fat-free wt / (100 - desired % body fat) x 100
°C =
5 / 9 (°F - 32)
°F =
(9 / 5 x °C) +32
REE adj. for fever =
(current temp – 98.6°F) x 7
for every °F above normal body temp., energy needs ↑ by 7%
stystole pressure
1st contraction of heart–is peak pressure in arteries occurring near end of cardiac cycle when ventricles are contracting–is 1st part of heartbeat
diastole pressure
2nd contraction of heart–is min pressure in arteries occurring near beg. of next cardiac cycle when ventricles are filled w/ blood–is 2nd part of heartbeat
normal BP (adult) =
120 / 80
hypotension (adult) =
<95 / <60
high-normal / pre-HTN (adult) =
120-139 / 85-89
Stage 1 HTN (adult) =
140-159 (s) OR 90-99 (d)
Stage 2 HTN (adult) =
160-179 (s) OR 100-109 (d)
Stage 3 HTN – severe (adult) =
180-209 (s) OR 110-119 (d)
Stage 4 HTN – very severe (adult) =
> 210 (s) OR >120 (d)
pre-HTN
systolic & / or diastolic pressure for sex, age, & ht ≥90th %ile but <95th %ile
adolescents w/ ≥120 / 80 have pre-HTN
normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose when fasting (adult) =
70-115 mg / dL
normal HgbA1C value (adult) =
4-8%
normal triglyceride when fasting (adult) =
40-150 mg / dL
desirable total cholesterol (adult) =
<200 mg / dL
LDL =
total cholesterol - [HDL + (TG / 5)]
optimal LDL cholesterol (adult) =
<100 mg / dL
desirable (↑) HDL cholesterol (adult) =
male: >40 mg / dL
female: >60 mg / dL
ideal HDL : cholesterol
1 : 3
low CHD risk c-reactive protein (adult)
<1 mg / L
criteria for met. syndrome
need 3 of 5:
- central obesity | waist circ. male: >42” & female: >35”
- ↑ triglycerides: ≥150 mg / dL
- ↓ HDL (male: 100 mg / dL)
- ↑ BP (≥ 130 / 85)
- insulin resistance
normal protein level in blood (adult) =
6-8.9 g / dL
normal albumin level in blood (adult) =
3.5-5 g / dL
normal pre-albumin (PAB) level in blood (adult) =
19-43 mg / dL
normal transferrin level in blood (adult) =
200-400 μg / dL
normal ferritin level in blood (adult) =
male: 12-300 ng / mL
female: 10-150 ng / mL
normal c-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood (adult) =
<.8 mg / dL
total lymphocyte count (TLC) =
(WBC x % lymph) / 100
normal total lymphocyte count (TLC) level in blood (adult) =
2,000-3,500 cells / mm^3
hypoxia
inadequate O tension at cellular level–common in obese pts.
- tachycardia (pulse >100 bpm)
- HTN
- peripheral vasoconstriction
- dizziness
- mental confusion
- obesity
normal WBC count (2 yo-adult) =
> 5,000-10,000 / mm^3 (= 5-10 / m^3)
lymphocyte concentration in WBCs =
20-40%
lymphocyte
WBC that fights chronic bacterial infections & acute viral infections–types: T-cells & B-cells
T-cell
lymphocyte–involved in cellular-type immune rxn–stimulate B-cell response–ex: fungal & viral infections & transplant rejections
B-cell
lymphocyte–participates in anti-body production / humoral immunity–synthesizes & releases anti-bodies / immunoglobulins→anti-body binds to antigen & inactivates it
erythropoietin
hormone produced in kidney–stimulates production of RBCs in bone marrow–is secreted in response to hypoxia (↓ blood O)
hemoglobin
protein w/in RBC–carries O to cells & transports CO2 from cells to lungs for release–makes up ~1/3 of each RBC
hema = blood globin = protein
normal RBC level =
4.15-4.90 x 10^6 / mm^3
anemia
condition that results when RBCs have ↓ed by 10%
protoporphyrin
RBC & precursor of heme–accumulates in RBCs when amt. of heme that can be produced is limited b/c ↓ level of Fe–is ↑ed in Fe def. & lead poisoning
normal protoporhyrin level =
.622 ± .27 μmol / L (of RBCs)
hemoglobin (Hgb)
main component of RBCs–is most common direct measure of Fe status
normal Hgb level (adult) =
male: 14-18 g / dL
female: 12-16 g / dL
hematocrit (Hct)
measure of % of RBCs in total blood volume
normal Hct level =
male: 39-49%
female: 33-43%
transferrin
binds to Fe in plasma & transports it to bone marrow for production of Hgb
ferritin
storage of remaining Fe (after that bound to transferrin) in liver for future use
hemosiderin
storage of remaining Fe (after that bound to transferrin) in tissues for future use
serum Fe
Fe bound to transferrin for transport throughout body
total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
indirect measure of transferrin–when unavailable, transferrin is directly measured & used
normal folate level =
5-20 μg / mL
used to evaluate hemolytic disorders & detect megaloblastic anemia–↑ed levels in those w/ pernicious anemia
normal homocysteine (Hcy) level =
7-22 μmol / L
normal serum Vit. B12 level =
160-950 pg / mL
normal ferritin level =
male: 12-300 ng / mL
female: 10-150 ng / mL
normal serum Fe level =
male: 80-180 μg / dL
female: 60-190 μg / dL
normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level =
80-95 μm^3
hemolytic anemia
result of rapid premature destruction of RBCs in circulation–may be due to def. of Vit. E or excess of Vit. E
normocytic, normochromic anemia
normal size & normal color–due to Fe def., chronic illness, acute blood loss, aplastic anemia, & acquired hemolytic anemia
microcytic, normochromic anemia
small size & normal color–due to renal disease (loss of erythropoietin)
macrocytic, normochromic anemia
large size & normal color–aka megaloblastic / macrocytic anemia–due to ↓ed ability to synthesize new cells & DNA b/c def. of Vit. B12, folate, thiamin, or Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)–hydantoin ingestion & chemotherapy contribute
microcytic, hypochromic anemia
small size & pale color–is Fe-def. anemia (most common nut. anemia–affects many dif. groups)–caused by:
- ↓ Fe intake or Fe competition w/ another element (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cm)
- impaired heme synthesis→inability to absorb, transport, store, or utilize Fe
- rapid growth (infants, children, & pregnant women)
- pica during pregnancy
- Fe loss during menstruation
- frequent blood donation
- frequent aspirin use→possible GI bleeding
- GI disorders that cause GI bleeding
Stage 1 of Fe depletion
1st of 3 stages of Fe-def. anemia–Fe stores depleted–NO symptoms
indicated by:
-↓ serum ferritin level
-other tests are w/in normal limit (WNL)
Stage 2 of Fe depletion
2nd of 3 stages of Fe-def. anemia–NO anemia–early or mild Fe. def. (NO symptoms)
indicated by:
-↓ed ferritin
-↓ed transferrin saturation
-↑ed RBC protoporphyrin (protein precursor of Hgb)
-Hgb may ↓ marginally or stay WNL→is NOT useful indicator of Stage 1 or Stage 2 Fe depletion
Stage 3 of Fe depletion
final stage of Fe-def. anemia–state of maximum Fe depletion (is Fe-def. anemia: Hgb level below normal ref. range for sex & age)
indicated by:
-↓ed serum ferritin
-↓ed transferrin saturation
-↓ed Hgb
-↓ed MCV
-↑ RBC protoporhyrin (protein precursor of Hgb)
