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Preventative > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effect categories with examples of dentifrices?

A

Costmetic - stain removal, freshens breath, inhibits formation of supragingival caluclus

Hygienic - removes plaque and food debris

Therapeutic - fluoride prevents/reverses caries, reduces gingivitis

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2
Q

What is the most widely used rinse for over 100 years?

A

Listerine

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3
Q

Key components to focus on when recommending dentifrices

A

Bioavailability
Levels of abrasivness
Neutral or basic pH
Individual needs
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP)
Casein Phosphopeptides + ACP
MI Paste
Novamin
Tri-Calcium Phosphate

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4
Q

What is bioavailabilty?

A

Proportion of therapeutic agents available in pharmaceutic substance that produces desired effect when used as recommended

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5
Q

Why is levels of abraisveness important?

A

More than 2% will cause abraison and hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Why is neutral or basic pH important?

A

To promote remineralization

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7
Q

What does amorphous calicum phosphate (ACP) do?

A

Aids in remineralization
Reduces sensitivity
Enhances fluoride delivery

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8
Q

Where can you find ACP?

A

Enamel Pro Fluoride Varnish
Some over the counter dentifrices

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9
Q

What happens when you add ACP with Caesin Phosphopeptides (CPP)?

A

When added together they have stabilizing properties which increase substantivity - helps to remineralize

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10
Q

What is MI paste?

A

It stimulates salivary flow and increases calcium/phosphate in saliva. Increased fluoride.

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11
Q

When to use MI paste?

A

Patients with Xerostomia

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12
Q

What is Novamin?

A

Combination of calicum, sodium, phosphorous, and silica

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13
Q

What does Novamin do?

A

Increases remineralization for caries protection

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14
Q

What is tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) for?

A

Anti-caries

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15
Q

How should an oral rinse or irrigation be used?

A

As an adjunt to mechanical plaque removal, not a replacement

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16
Q

How deeply should an oral rinse or irrigation penetrate?

A

Less than 1-2mm subgingivally

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17
Q

Are all types or rinses able to penetrate the protective slime layer of biofilm?

A

No

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18
Q

When is an oral rinse contraindicated?

A

For current or recovering alcoholics due to alcohol content

If client is using as a substitute to daily brushing and interdental aid

Children under the age of six, unable to expectorate fully

Mentally challenged who are unable to follow instructions

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19
Q

What are the functions of oral rinses?

A

Remineralization - restore mineral elements by including fluroide/caries prevention

Anti-microbial - therapeutic, control and reduction of perio disease

Biofilm control - therapeutic, reduces attachment ability of biofilm in early stage: 1-2 days

Reduction of gingivitis - therapeutic

Astringent - shrinks tissues

Alleviate pain

Buffering - reduce oral acidity

Deodorizing - neutralize odor - cosmetic

Oxygenating - cleansing

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20
Q

Uses of rinses

A

Before professional treatment (PPR) which can reduce micoorganisms by 90%, reduce the amount of micoorganisms avilable to aerosols through handpiece or ultrasonic scaler

Self care - used as part of homecare for specific needs

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21
Q

What is oral irrigation?

A

Delivery of a soultion via an irrigation tip into the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket

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22
Q

What are the types of stimuli?

A

Tactile - contact and friction
Thermal - temp changes
- cold is most common
Evaporative - dehydration
Osmotic - pressure in tubules
- sugar and salt concentrations
Chemical - acids

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23
Q

What is the incidence of hypersensitivity?

A

Most common in ages 20-40
Experienced by 8-30% of the population
Higher incidence than periodontally involved client
Most common in cervical third of premolar and mandibular anteriors

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24
Q

What type of data collection would be done for hypersensitiviy?

A

Location
Severity
Onset /duration
Aggravating/relieving factors
Dental history

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25
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for hypersensitivity?

A

Visual
Palpation
Congestion
Occulsion
Rads
Bite stick
STP
Air water - cold
Endo ice
Transillumination
Mobilty
Thermal/electric pulp

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26
Q

What is hydrodynamic theory?

A

Movement of fluid within the dentin tubules
Pressure on nerve endings
Larger numbers of widened tubules

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27
Q

Treatments for hypersensitivity applied at home

A

Sensodyne max strength
Sensodyne pronamel
Sensodyne rapid repair
Colgate sensitive pro-relief

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28
Q

What level of relief are at home treatments?

A

Mild

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29
Q

Professional applied treatments for hypersensitivity

A

Restorations
Grafts

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30
Q

What level of relief are professional treatments for hypersensitivity?

A

Moderate - severe

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31
Q

What are the active ingredients in hypersensitivity treatments?

A
  • Stonium acetate
  • Arginine
  • Novamin
  • Fluroide
  • Potassium nitrate
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32
Q

How does hypersensitivity treatment stonium acetate work?

A

Occludes tubules and prevents fluid flow

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33
Q

How does hypersensitivity treatment arginine work?

A

Blocks tubules

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34
Q

How does hypersensitivity treatment novamin work?

A

Mends bones and accelerates growth
Blocks tubules

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35
Q

How does hypersensitivity treatment fluoride work?

A

Remineralization

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36
Q

How does hypersensitivity treatment potassium nitrate work?

A

Blocks pain signals
Blocks synapse

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37
Q

How to avoid gingival recession

A

Soft bristles
No long horizontal stroke
Don’t use too much pressure

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38
Q

Signs of acid erosion

A

Sensitivity
Transparency
Cracks

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39
Q

Treatment for acid erosion

A

Health diet - limit acidic food, don’t frequently snack
Regular dental visits
Don’t brush your teeth right after eating something acidic

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40
Q

Natural desensitization types

A

Sclerosis
Secondary
Smear layer
Calculus

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41
Q

How does sclerosis naturally desensitize?

A

Mineral deposits in tubules deceases diameter
Mineralized layer of peritubular dentin

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42
Q

How does secondary naturally desensitize?

A

Gradually deposited on the floor and walls of pulp chamber
Insulation
Accumulates with age, deceased diameter

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43
Q

How does smear layer (inorganic debris) naturally desensitize?

A

Accumulates after scaling, root planing, use of toothpaste, burr, attrition, abrasion plugs/blocks stimuli

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44
Q

How does calculus naturally densenitize?

A

Acts as a protective coating for exposed dentin

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45
Q

Techniques for managing clients with sensitivity

A

Diet modification
Control biofilm
Toothbrush techniques
Burnishing
Eliminate parafunctional habits

46
Q

How to manage tooth sensitivity with diet modification

A

Limit acidic foods
Discourage brushing right after eating
Eliminate extreme temps and bad habits

47
Q

How to manage tooth sensitivity with toothbrushing techniques

A

Soft bristles
No long horizontal strokes

48
Q

How to manage tooth sensitivity with burnishing technique

A

Apply desensitizing pastes to form a smear layer

49
Q

What parafunctional habits to modify to manage tooth sensitivity

A

Grinding and clenching
Stress reduction

50
Q

How to provide denture care instructions

A

Verbal or written

51
Q

How often does a client with complete dentures need to be seen?

A

Every 6-12 months

52
Q

How often does a client with partial dentures need to be seen?

A

Depends on the assessment of the remaining teeth

53
Q

Care instructions for dentures

A

Attend recall visits
Remove overnight or at least 6-8 hours per day
Clean them at home - brushing or polident
Rinse
Check for remaining debris
Observe soft tissues
Massage tissues with a soft toothbrush or finger before reinserting

54
Q

Oral manifestations from dentures

A

Ulcerations
Denture stomatitis
Angular cheilitis
Riboflavin
Hyperplasia

55
Q

What is denture ulceration caused by and what does it look like?

A

Ill fitting denture or chemical irritation, looks like a red halo

56
Q

What causes denture stomatitis?

A

C. Albicans
Poor oral hygiene
Continuous wear
Systemic conditions
Chemincal irritation
Allergy

57
Q

Where is denture stomatitis usually located?

A

Under maxillary denture

58
Q

What causes angular cheiltitis?

A

C. Albicans
Staph. Aureus
Pooling saliva

59
Q

What does riboflavin look like?

A

Fissures
Encrusted

60
Q

Is riboflavin painful?

A

Yes

61
Q

What causes hyperplasia?

A

C. Albicans
Low grade trauma

62
Q

Where is hyperplasia usually located?

A

Under maxillary denture

63
Q

Implant brushing instructions

A

Brush 2-3x daily
45 degrees apically
Soft bristles
Chlorhexidine

64
Q

Implant interdental aids

A

Proxy brush
Floss daily (around - crisscrossed)

65
Q

Dentifrices recommended for implants

A

Low abraisiveness

66
Q

Oral irrigation recommended for implants

A

Limited areas
Water + chlorhexidine

67
Q

Clinical considerations for care of implant

A

No stainless steel, only plastic or medical grade titanium

68
Q

Define determinate for health risk and health promotion counselling

A

Something that increases the probability of disease

69
Q

What are the 12 determinats of health listed by the Public Health Agency of Canada?

A

Income and social status
Social support
Education
Employment/working conditions
Social environment
Physical environment
Child development
Genetics
Health services
Gender
Culture
Personal health

70
Q

What are examples of social determinats?

A

Meeting daily needs
Education
Health care access
Quality of education/job training
Resource and activities available
Transportation access
Public safety
Support

71
Q

What are modifiable risk factors?

A

Can be changed with intervention such as: smoking, inadequate plaque removal, diet, pathogens, stress, BOP, low fluoride use, tooth morphology, xerostomia, alcohol use, sun exposure

72
Q

What are non-modifiable risk factors?

A

Cannot be changed with intervention such as: genetics, age, gender, systemic conditions, medications, osteoporosis, family history, developmental factors

73
Q

What are the three behaviour theories?

A

Transtheoretical model (TTM)
Social determination theory (SDT)
Theory of planned behaviour (TPB)

74
Q

What is the transtheoretical model?

A

Change is process, not an event -
stages of readiness:
1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. actions
5. maintenance
6. relapse

75
Q

What is the social determination theory?

A

Focuses on establishing new patterns based on client autonomy, improved self-efficiency

76
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Dishtinguishes between stages of contemplation and over action.
Client more likely to adhere to plan if they were already thinking about making changes

77
Q

How does motivational interviewing work?

A

Engages with the client
Collaborates with the client
Informs the client
Gives client autonomy
Client does most of the talking with DH listens

78
Q

What communication skills are needed for motivational interviewing?

A

Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summarizing

79
Q

What does RULE stand for?

A

Resist the righting reflex
Understand client motivation
Listen
Empower

80
Q

What are the three communication styles of motivational interviewing?

A

Guiding
Following
Direction

81
Q

How does guiding work?

A

DH listens
Eye contact
Nodding

82
Q

How does following work?

A

Listening
Suspend role as expert
Let the client have a say
Find motivator

83
Q

How does directing work?

A

Help those who are stuck
Give suggestions

84
Q

What are the vulnerable populations?

A

Seniors
Immigrants
Unemployed

85
Q

What does PACE stand for?

A

Partnership
Acceptance
Compassion
Evocation

86
Q

What is the PACE model for?

A

A philosphy for establishing client-clinican relationships

87
Q

What does LEARN stand for?

A

Lsten
Explain
Acknowledge
Recommend treatment
Negotiate on plan

88
Q

What is LEARN and ETHNIC for?

A

Culturally sensitive framework for communicating with cross-cultural environments.

89
Q

What does ETHNIC stand for?

A

Explanation of illness
Treatment tried
Healers
Negotiate on plan
Interventions
Collaboration

90
Q

Role of the DH with tobacco or cannibis users

A

Identify users
Oral cancer screenings
Cessation counselling

91
Q

Oral manifestations of various tobacco/cannabis products

A

Oral/pharyngeal cancer
Periodontitis
Nicotine stomatitis
Gingival recession
Implant and therapy failure
Caries
Stain
Calculus
Halitosis
Impaired taste
Dry socket
Delayed healing
Black hairy tongue
Xerostomia

92
Q

Nicotines neurochemical effects on the brain

A

Chronic relapsing brain disorder
Decrease appetite
Increase pleasure and relaxation feelings
Releases dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, vasopressin, and beta-endorphins

93
Q

How long does it take for nicotines effects to hit the brain?

A

7 seconds

94
Q

What does chronic exposure mean?

A

Less of an effect over time, a larger dose needed to get the same feeling

95
Q

When does withdrawl hit?

A

Peaks at 12-24 hours, can last 2-4 days

96
Q

Does recreational cannabis contain more THC?

A

Yes

97
Q

Smoking cannabis oral side effects

A

Xerostomia
Caries
Increased consumption of FC

98
Q

High frequency side effects from cannabis users

A

Perio
Caries
Xerostomia
Stomatitis
Gingival hyperplasia
Gingivitis

99
Q

Low frequency side effects from cannabis users

A

Bone loss
Papillomas
Squamas cell carcinoma
Lung cancer
Attachment loss
Xerostomia
Staining

100
Q

Medical cannabis is used to treatY

A

MS
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Depression
PTSD
HIV
Chemo-induced nausea
Cancer
Autism

101
Q

Is CBD an inhibitor of cancer growth?

A

Yes

102
Q

Types of medical cannabis

A

Nabilone: capsule, antiemetic
Nabiximols: spray, analgesic (pain management)

103
Q

How long must a client have been without using cannabis to be seen in an office and our DH clinic?

A

Office: 4 hours
Clinic: 12 hours

104
Q

What is the percentage of tobacco users that want to quit?

A

70%

105
Q

What are the relapse numbers for those who try to quit tobacco?

A

60% relapse within the first week
70% within the first month

106
Q

What are the 3 A’s regarding tobacco cessation for a DH?

A

Ask
Advise
Act

107
Q

What are the nicotine therapy replacement options?

A

Nicotine patch
Nicotine gum
Nicotine nasal spray
Zyban
Nicotine inhaler
Nicotine lozenge

108
Q

Contrindications for nicotine patch

A

Contact hypersensitivity

109
Q

Condtrindications for nicotine gum

A

TMD or dentures

110
Q

Contrindications for nicotine inhaler

A

Bronchospastic disease

Preventative (1 decks)

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