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Social Psych T3 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends

A

Propinquity effect

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2
Q

the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it

A

Mere exposure effect

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3
Q

the idea that peoples feelings about a relationship depend on perceptions of rewards and costs, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else

A

Social exchange theory

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4
Q

the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which rewards and costs experienced and both parties contributions are roughly equal

A

Equity theory

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5
Q

the intimacy and affection we feel when we care deeply for a person but do not experience passion or arousal in the persons presence

A

Companionate love

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6
Q

an intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal; when our love is reciprocated, we feel great fulfillment and ecstacy, but when it is not, we feel sadness and despair

A

Passionate love

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7
Q

a theory derived from evolutionary biology that holds that men and women are attracted to different characteristics in each other because this maximizes their chances of reproductive success (men attracted to women’s appearance, women attracted by men’s resources)

A

Evolutionary approach to love

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8
Q

the expectations people develop about relationships with others, based on the relationship they had with their caregiver when they were infants

A

Attachment styles

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9
Q

an attachment style characterized by a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and well liked

A

Secure attachment style

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10
Q

an attachment style characterized by a suppression of attachment needs, because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed; people with this style find it difficult to develop intimate relationships

A

Avoidant attachment style

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11
Q

an attachment style characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate ones desire for intimacy, resulting in higher-than-average levels of anxiety

A

anxious/ambivalent attachment style

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12
Q

relationships governed by the need for equity (for an equal ratio of rewards and costs)

A

Exchange relationships

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13
Q

relationships in which peoples primary concern is being responsive to the other persons needs

A

Communal relationships

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14
Q

any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person
may be for selfish reasons

A

Prosocial behavior

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15
Q

the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
not for selfish reasons

A

Altruism

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16
Q

the idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection

A

Kin selection

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17
Q

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they help us in the future

A

Norm of reciprocity

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18
Q

the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions the way the person experiences them

A

Empathy

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19
Q

the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

A

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

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20
Q

personality trait making it more likely that an individual will help others in a variety of situations

A

Altruistic personality

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21
Q

any group with which an individual identifies

A

in-group

22
Q

any group with which an individual does not identify

A

Out group

23
Q

the idea that people help in order to alleviate their own sadness and distress

A

Negative-state relief hypothesis

24
Q

the theory that people living in cities are constantly being bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it

A

Urban overload hypothesis

25
Q

the phenomenon whereby each bystanders sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases

A

Diffusion of responsibility

26
Q

intentional behavior aimed at doing harm or causing pain to another person

A

Aggression

27
Q

aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

not benevolent

A

Instrumental aggression

28
Q

aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain

A

Hostile aggression

29
Q

the idea that frustration, the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal, increases the probability of an aggressive response

A

Frustration-aggression theory

30
Q

an object that is associated with aggressive responses and whose mere presence can increase the probability of aggression

A

Aggressive stimulus

31
Q

the idea that we learn social behavior by observing others and imitating them

A

Social learning theory

32
Q

ways of behaving socially that we learn implicitly from our culture

A

Scripts

33
Q

the notion that ‘blowing off steam’ by performing an aggressive act, watching others engage in aggressive behaviors, or engaging in a fantasy of aggression, relieves pent up aggressive energies and hence reduces the likelihood of further aggressive behavior

A

Catharsis

34
Q

prejudice attitude representing both the type of emotion linked with the attitude (anger, warmth) and the extremity of the attitude (mild uneasiness, hostility)

component

A

Affective or emotional component

35
Q

prejudice attitude involving the beliefs or thoughts that make up the attitude

component

A

Cognitive component

36
Q

prejudice attitude relating to ones actions- people dont simply hold attitudes; they usually act on them as well

component

A

Behavioral component

37
Q

a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership of that group

A

Prejudice

38
Q

a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members

A

Stereotype

39
Q

an unjustified negative or harmful action toward the members of a group simply because of their membership in that group

A

Discrimination

40
Q

Positive feelings and special treatment for people we have defined as being part of our in-group and negative feelings and unfair treatment for others simply because we have defined them as being in the out-group

A

In-group bias

41
Q

The belief that “they” are all alike
in -group members tend to perceive out-group members as being more similar than they really are

A

Out-group homogeneity

42
Q

people struggle between their urge to express prejudice and need to maintain positive self-concept

A

The justification-suppression model of prejudice

43
Q

When we expect two things to be related, we fool ourselves into believing that they are actually unrelated

A

The illusory correlation

44
Q

our tendency to make dispositional attributions about an individuals negative behavior to an entire group of people

A

Ultimate attribution error

45
Q

holds that limited resources lead to conflict among groups and result in prejudice and discrimination

A

Realistic conflict theory

46
Q

the strong tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfill the groups expectations and gain acceptance

A

Normative conformity

47
Q

hold stereotypical views of women that suggest that women are inferior to men (women are less intelligent)

A

Hostile sexists

48
Q

hold stereotypically positive views of women, yet still serves to undermine women’s roles in society (women are great cooks and mothers)

A

Benevolent sexists

49
Q

the need to depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each group

A

Mutual interdependence

50
Q
  1. Mutual interdependence
  2. Common goal
  3. Equal status
  4. Friendly, informal setting
  5. Knowing multiple out-group members
  6. Social norms of equality
A

conditions for contact to reduce prejudice

Social Psych T3 (1 decks)

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