Test #3 Flashcards
What are abnormal bowel sounds?
high pitch, distention bowel sounds mean bowel obstruction
Where do you listen for bowel sounds?
all 4 quadrants of the abdomen
Define Rebound.
a sensation of pain felt when pressure is suddenly removed
How do you percuss the spleen?
have to turn the patient on their right side and percuss on the left side below the ribs. Should hear dullness
How do you palpate the spleen?
you can only feel the spleen if it is 3 times the normal size, it is normal not to feel the spleen
How do you percuss the liver?
Scratch test, you can find the edge of the liver by this.
How do you palpate the liver?
push up under the ribs. The normal size of the liver is 6-12 cm.
How do you percuss the kidneys?
posteriorly below the rib cage
How do you palpate the kidneys?
posteriorly or deep palpation
How do you percuss the aorta?
Its hard to percuss the aorta because it is deep, you need to percuss from the back
How do you palpate the aorta?
deep palpation, is there is rebound = very bad
What are some techniques on relaxing your patient?
put chin to chest, clinch teeth,
How do you check for hernias on your patient?
palpation & inspection
Describe the muscle strength grading scale.
0 paralyzed 1 contract muscle, but cannot move it 2 move it, but cannot move it against gravity 3 move it up against gravity 4 move it against some resistance 5 against full resistance
What is the normal arm and leg difference measurements?
1 cm
Describe Gait
a person’s manner of walking
Describe stride length
is the average length of one step, that is, the distance between your right and left foot contacting the ground.
Describe base support
area of ground surface covered by the body silhouette in an erect subject; the wider the base of support, the greater the stability of the erect body; the centre of gravity is more easily maintained within the base of support
How do you assess balance
Romberg Test
How do you assess coordination
fluid movement, no issues walking
How do you assess accuracy of movement
fluid movement, no issues walking
Define Romberg Test
stand with feet together, hands by side, close eyes
if they have a problem they will fall
no problem they will stay up, a little sway is okay.
Describe Lordosis
excessive inward curvature of the spine.
seen in pregnant people
Describe Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, shows an “S”
Describe Kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
What are some carpal tunnel tests
Phalen Test: test for carpal tunnel
put back side of hands together and if you have pain/numbness you have it.
Tinel Test: test for carpal tunnel
tap on nerve and if you feel electrical shock, you have it
What are some fluid on the knee tests
Bulge Sign: excess fluid in knee
Patelar Tap: test fluid in the knee joint
Describe ROM of the major joints
Pivot: skull meets spine Hinge: elbow & knee Condyloid: wrist and fingers Plane/gliding: vertebrae Ball and socket: hip & shoulder Saddle: thumb
What are some normal changes with aging
weaker, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, osteoporosis (porous bone) occurs more in women, shrinking (normal 1 cm every 10 years after 40) if you’re losing too much there’s a problem, hunch back (kyphosis).
Define Goniometer
an instrument for the precise measurement of angles
What is the Pre-Hospital Stroke Assessment
Cincinnati Stroke Scale
Define the different types of sensory: superficial
Light touch: cotton balls
Pain: pins, tooth picks, paper clips
Temperature: hot on one, cold on the other.
temperature & pain run on the same tract, don’t have to do both; one or the other.
Describe the 1st cranial nerve
olfactory: sensory smell
Describe the 2nd cranial nerve
optic: sensory sight
Describe the 3rd cranial nerve
oculomotor: pupils; extra-ocular muscles
Describe the 4th cranial nerve
trochlear: extra-ocular muscles
Describe the 5th cranial nerve
trigeminal: facial sensations & motor, muscles of mastication (forehead, cheek, & chin)
Describe the 6th cranial nerve
abducen: extra-ocular muscles
Describe the 7th cranial nerve
facial: motor, facial muscles, sensory, taste anterior tongue. (making faces)
Describe the 8th cranial nerve
acoustic: hearing (balance)
Describe the 9th cranial nerve
glossopharyngeal: swallowing, voice, gag reflex, taste posterior tongue
Describe the 10th cranial nerve
vagus: swallowing, voice, gag reflex
Describe the 11th cranial nerve
accessory: motor, neck muscles
Describe the 12th cranial nerve
hypoglossal: motor, tongue muscle
What is the DTR (deep tendon reflexes) normal responses
Checking the reflex's of the spinal cord. Biceps (flexion) Triceps (extension) Brachioradialis (supinates/flexion) Patellar (extension) Achilles (plantar flexion)
Describe Babinski Refles
fanning out of toes; okay in babies, bad in adults
Describe the Glasgow coma scale
(higher the score, the better): universal scale, determines level of consciousness
Describe orientation
who they are, where are they
Describe Memory
president, what today’s date is
Describe Mental status
are they acting normal towards family; drooling, etc
Define the different types of sensory: deep
Vibratory sensations: tuning fork place on bony part
Kinesthetics: able to sense body position in space.
Define the different types of sensory: discriminatory
Stereognosis: identify object by touch, with eyes closed
Graphesthesia: write something in their hand & have them identify what you wrote. draw a number or letter.
2 point discrimination: two tooth picks, only feel 1 have a problem.
Point localization: point to where the person is pushing/touching.
Extinction: ability to feel on both sides.
Neglect: don’t feel the other side, could be sitting on their hand
Grading scale of Deep Tendon Reflexes
0-bad 1- slow 2-normal 3- hyperactive 4-bad
