Test 3 Flashcards
What are decorative concrete masonry units intended for?
Exposed use in exterior and interior walls
How are textured concrete masonry units often created?
They are designed and created by architects for particular buildings `
What is the primary classification of stone based on how it was formed?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Which stone type was formally either igneous or sedimentary rock and transformed by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
Which are the six groups of stone used in building construction, according to ASTM C119?
Granite, Limestone, Quartz-Based stone, Slate, Marble, Other
What are the largest producer states of building stone in the United States?
Texas, Indiana, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and Georgia
What is the most commonly used igneous rock for construction in North America?
Granite
Which type of stone is characterized by closely spaced planes of cleavage, making it suitable for paving stones and roof shingles?
Slate (metamorphic)
What is the primary purpose of a reinforced brick masonry wall?
Increased strength and load-bearing capacity
Which type of masonry wall includes a hollow vertical space within the wall to intercept water penetration?
Cavity wall (intercepts water that penetrates the outer wythe)
What is the purpose of weep holes in a cavity wall?
To allow trapped water to drain to the exterior
(Water is caught by a thin, impervious membrane called flashing and drained through weep holes back to the exterior)
How does cavity wall construction differ from composite wall construction?
Composite walls use different masonry materials in different parts
In masonry terminology, what is a wythe?
A continuous vertical section of masonry, one unit in thickness
(a reinforced brick wall is normally created by constructing two wythes of brick 2-4 in. apart)
What is the purpose of damp-proofing on a cavity wall?
To prevent water from penetrating the backup wythe
(To further protect against water penetration, damp-proofing or other water-resistive material is applied to the cavity side of the backup wythe of the wall)
How does a composite masonry wall differ from a cavity wall?
Composite walls combine different masonry materials
(Composite masonry walls are solid slabs in which multiple wythes are bonded in such a way that they act as a unified mass)
(especially when a composite masonry wall is load-bearing, it is common to construct the wall of all one masonry unit type to best balance the structural behavior between wythes)
What is the primary purpose of masonry ties in cavity wall construction?
To connect the veneer to the backup wythes and provide lateral support
(Backup wythe is not load–bearing other than its own weight)
What is the significance of beveling the bed joint in cavity wall construction?
It reduces the squeezing-out of mortar into the cavity
How can the accumulation of mortar droppings in the cavity be prevented?
by beveling the bed joint
What is the primary advantage of using reinforced brick masonry walls?
Increased strength and resistance to various loads
(gravity loads, flexural loads from wind or earth pressure, and the dynamic stresses of earthquakes)
Stone masonry is installed in which two ways?
Laid in mortar or mechanically attached
What is the purpose of the steel shelf angle in masonry veneer cladding?
To support the brick veneer and create a starting point for instillation
Which of the following is NOT a type of movement joint used in masonry construction?
Reinforcement joint
-Expansion, control, and isolation joints are used
What role does the flashing above the shelf angle play in masonry cladding?
Capturing water and conducting it out of the wall
Why are movement joints necessary in masonry construction?
To allow for expansion, contraction, and other movements without causing damage
Which type of joint is intentionally created to accommodate shrinkage in masonry surfaces during initial curing?
Control joint
(Control joints are intentionally created planes of weakness that can open to accommodate shrinkage in masonry surfaces, usually during initial curing)
What is the purpose of an air and water-resistive barrier membrane in masonry cladding?
To prevent the passage of air and water into the wall
How are movement joints typically closed in masonry walls?
With flexible sealants
(Most movement joints in masonry walls are closed with flexible sealants to prevent air and water from passing through)
In masonry construction, what is the term used to describe breaks in the material that can close or open to accommodate expansion and contraction?
Expansion joints
-Expansion joints are breaks in the material that can close or open to accommodate expansion and contraction
Expansion close or open
Control open only (shrinkage of surround material)
Isolation close or open “differences in movement”
What is the primary purpose of the steel subframe in stone cladding?
To serve as a structural load-bearing element
-Stone Panels Mounted on a Steel Subframe - The horizontal members are aluminum shapes that engage slots in the upper and lower edges of each panel to hold them securely in place.
Each truss is designed to carry both wind loads and the dead load of the stone to connection brackets that transfer these loads to the frame of the building
What kind of wall construction uses stone veneer without reliance on a supporting backup wall?
Stone Curtain Walls
- Stone Curtain Walls - The stone cladding methods illustrated in the following sections permit larger slabs of stone to be attached to buildings without reliance on a supporting backup wall… these systems resist the passage of water primarily as barrier walls.
Foundation barrier walls, Curtain wall barrier walls, Exterior residential walls are all types of barrier walls
A combination joint reinforcing and masonry tie made of heavy stainless steel wires is laid on top of the masonry, tying the brick veneer to the backup wall.
Which type of movement joint is placed at junctions between masonry and other materials?
Isolation Joint
-Isolation joints are placed at junctions between masonry and other materials
What material is often used for flexible, waterproof membranes in through-wall flashings?
Self-adhering bituminous or EPDM sheets