Test 3 Flashcards
Affects the central nervous system
Examples: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome, and spina bifida
Neurological
Affects the bones, muscles, and joints
Examples: Arthritis, arthrogryposis, congenital hip dislocation
Orthopedic
Affects the muscles, ligaments, tendons, nervous system
Examples: traumatic brain injuries, SCI and amputations
Traumatic
Causes of cerebral palsy
Lesions in the brain which causes loss of motor control
Most common cause of cerebral palsy
Prenatal
Most frequent severe disability in children
Cerebral palsy
One or more of:
Muscle tightness or spasm
Involuntary movement
Gross motor skills (walking or running)
Difficulty with fine motor skills such as writing and speaking
Abnormal perception and sensation
Cerebral palsy
Most common associated conditions of cerebral palsy
Seizures ~60%
Only one limb is affected
Monoplegia
One side of the body is affected. The arm is more involved than the leg
Hemiplegia
Both legs affected
Paraplegia
All four limbs affected. Legs more affected than arms
Diplegia
All four limbs affected
Quadriplegia
3 limbs are involved
Triplegia
Which classification of cerebral palsy?
Abnormal muscle tightness, the most common (~70%), affects the motor cortex
Spastic
Which classification of cerebral palsy?
Contraction with rotation of the joint and occurs due to the damage to the basal ganglia
Athetoid
Which classification of cerebral palsy?
Clumsiness and affects the cerebellum
Ataxia
Which level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Can walk at home, outdoors, stairs
Can perform gross motor skills like running and jumping
Speed, balance, coordination limited
Don’t have great muscle control
Level 1
Which level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Walk most settings, climb stairs using railing
Difficult walking long distance, balance, uneven terrain
May use mobility device
Level 2
Which level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Mobility device in most indoor setting
Assistance climbing stairs
Wheeled mobility for longer distances
Poor coordination and balance
Level 3
Which level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Methods of mobility that require physical assistance or powered mobility
May walk short distance at home, transported with manual wheelchair or powered wheelchair outdoors or at school or in community
Level 4
Which level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Transported in manual in all settings
Limited ability to keep head up and control leg and arm movements
Require bracing
Often dropping head drop
Level 5
Spinal cord injury
Motor or sensory loss ________ (above or below) the injury
Below
Complete severing of spinal cord
Complete SCI
Some sensation, most common SCI
Incomplete SCI
Injury higher up the vertebrae has _______ (less or greater) restriction of body movement
greater
Sweating is impaired ________ (above or below) level of injury in SCI’s
below
Involuntary over reaction to stimuli below injury
Usually seen in SCI above T6
Rely without the brain
Results in:
Dangerous spike in blood pressure
Altered heart rate (slower)
Constriction of peripheral blood vessels
Can be life-threatening and result in:
Stroke
Retinal hemorrhage
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary edema
Autonomic dysreflexia
Painful stimulus in lower body → high blood pressure and redirects blood to active muscles
Thought to increased utilization of oxygen improving the athlete’s performance
Boosting
Occurs immediately after physical activity
Drop in blood pressure when sit/stand suddenly
Cervical or high thoracic SCI are at risk
Dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, fainting
Tilt back/spine until stops
To reduce risk/severity
Hydration
Avoid overheating
Orthostatic hypotension
Uncorrectable vision (vision that is not improved with glasses or contacts) visual impairment that interferes with daily activities
Low vision
Legal blindness
Visual acuity 20/200 or less
Causes of vision loss
Congenital
Adventitious
Vision loss at or before birth
Congenital
Age associated vision loss
Adventitious
Reduction of vision, blurry, loss of differences in colour because of the opacity; bilateral
Cataracts
Progressive degeneration of central vision and poor colour
Macular degeneration
Inherited retinal defects, affects the retina to detect light, tunnel vision, slow peripheral, decreased acuity
Retinitis pigmentosa
Touch reading or writing
Moves left to right
Average speed → 125-150 words per min
Composed of 6 raised dots
Each combination represents a latter
Braille
Best strategies when teaching students with visual impairments
Pre teaching
Variables that often change (tennis, volleybal, soccer)
Open sports
Consistent and predictable (archery, bowling, boccia)
Requires more skill
Closed sports
Deaf community identify with Deaf culture
Deafness with a capital D
Little or no hearing in both ears
deafness
Little chance of speech acquisition without technology
Prelingually deaf
Acquisition of speech and language skills
Post lingually deaf
Preventing the conduction of sound to the inner ear
Otitis media and mastoiditis
Conductive hearing loss
Damage to inner ear
Cochlea
8th cranial nerve
Usually permanent
Sensorineural hearing loss
