Test 3 Flashcards
The action of an autonomous, informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation.
Informed Consent
What are the conditions for informed consent?
- Competence
- Adequate Disclosure
- Understanding of the information
- Voluntary decision making
- Consent
The ability to render decisions about medical interventions
Competence
The patient’s voluntary and deliberate giving up of the right to informed consent
Waiver
The withholding of relevant information from a patient when the physician believes disclosure would likely do harm
Therapeutic privilege
What landmark federal case led to the decision that a doctor must disclose all risks to a patient prior to a medical procedure?
Canterbury v. Spence
Canterbury went from back pain to paralysis because the risk was not disclosed.
Who conceived of informed consent as being made of 2 senses, autonomous authorization and effective consent?
Faden and Beauchamp
The sense focusing on the agent granting consent.
Autonomous Authorization
The sense focusing on the person requesting consent.
Effective consent
Given if a patient or subject with substantial understanding and in substantial absence of control by others intentionally authorizes a professional to act.
Informed Consent
What does Katz see informed consent as requiring?
Shared decision making
What are three barriers to joint decisions making?
- Medical uncertainty
- Patient incompetence
- Patient Autonomy
The pursuit of scientific knowledge for the purpose of advancing medicine
Research
The phase in drug testing which tests the drug in a few people for safety and adverse reactions and ascertains safe doses. Is not therapeutic.
Phase 1 trial
What are the ethical requirements for clinical trials?
- Informed voluntary consent
- Minimal risk to subjects
- Fair selection
- Privacy
- Review and Approval from a panel
Genuine uncertainty as to the therapeutic merits of each arm in a trial
Equipoise
What three ethical principles are the focus of the Belmont report?
Autonomy, beneficence, and justice
Refers to interventions that are designed solely to enhance the wellbeing of an individual patient
Practice
Designates an activity designed to test a hypothesis to contribute to general knowledge
Research
What general rule must be applied when an activity has elements of both research and practice?
The activity must undergo review for the protection of human subjects
What were the three goals of the nazi medical experiments?
- Survival of Military personnel
- Testing of drugs and other treatments
- Advancement of Nazi racial ideology
What years did the Tuskegee experiment run through?
1932-1972
What inducements were the men in the Tuskegee study offered?
Rivers gave them noneffective medicine, $50 funeral funds
Why was the assumption that the men in the Tuskegee study would never seek treatment a flawed one?
The men believed themselves to be under the care of government doctors
