Test 3 Flashcards
definition of ID
significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance
IQ range for ID
0-25: profound, 24-40: severe, 40-55: moderate, 55-70: mild
adaptive behavior for ID
Practical skills: hygiene and keeping a home clean, Social skills: interpersonal communication skills and friendships, Conceptual skills: understanding time and money
Characteristics of ID
MORE LIKELY TO BE REJECTED BY PEERS, IMMATURE BEHAVIOR, INAPPROPRIATE RESPONSES IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS, DIFFICULTY UNDERSTANDING SUBTLE SOCIAL CUES, PROBLEMS WITH ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS
(COMMUNICATION, SELF-DIRECTIONS, ETC.), UNUSUAL BEHAVIORS RELATED TO SPECIFIC
DISABILITY, EXPERIENCE MORE LONELINESS
daily living skills for ID
practical, social, and conceptual skills
Prenatal causes of ID
chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrom, fragile X of Martin-Bell syndrome; Prader-Willi Syndrome), fetal alcohol spectrum disorders,
PKU and Toxoplasmosis
Perinatal causes of ID
prematurity and birth injury
Postnatal causes of ID
Encephalitis (brain inflammation), lead poisoning, and brain injury
down syndrome/ trisomy 21
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Speech Language disability group…
largest disability group
language is…
a system of symbols that individuals use for communication, includes expressive and receptive language
communication is…
The exchange of information and knowledge among participants, Requires a message, a sender, a receiver, and a channel, Communication requires interaction between the
sender and the receiver
causes of speech and language disorders
Biological: comorbidity, brain injury, and heredity
environmental: neglect or abuse, significant allergies, and poverty/malnutrition
Early intervention for Speech and language disorders
Most critical time for speech and language development, Early intervention is very important, Services may occur through a pullout model or in the context of a preschool or kindergarten setting; or a combination with consultation
cognitive and academic characteristics of speech and language disorders
Problems occur across the entire range of cognitive abilities, Problems may profoundly affect a student’s learning, High risk of reading difficulties for students with speech and language delays
Social, emotional, and behavioral characteristics of speech and language disorders
May be the targets of peer teasing, May experience difficulty in social situation, Others may have difficulty understanding them, Social isolation, May be at high risk for behavior problems and EBD (frustration with communication problems)
articulation disorders
omissions (leaving sound out), substitutions (switching speech sounds), additions (adding speech sounds), distortions (r’s don’t sound like r)
Aphasia
loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.
central auditory processing disorder
a deficit in a person’s ability to internally process and/or comprehend sounds, language disorder activity and aphasia letter from a son
language delay
talking later than normal (2 years old)
elements of language
phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics
types of speech disorders
Specific language impairment, Language delay, Aphasia, Central auditory processing disorder
Definition of ASD
a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance
Prevalence of ASD
1 in 54 children are being diagnosed with an ASD (2020), It is the fastest growing developmental disability, asian/pacific reported slightly higher; Hispanic slightly lower
Social and Emotional characteristics of ASD
Difficulties understanding the facial expressions of others, Difficulties with or complete lack of initiating social interactions with others, Lack of responding to social interactions made by others, Lack of responding to emotions of others
deficits in showing (directing attention), Lack of interest in other children, Absence of or limited use of gestures such as pointing to share enjoyment with others, Absence of or limited imitation skills, Lack of friendship seeking behavior, Joint attention
common characteristics of ASD
Difficulty relating to others, insistence on environmental sameness, Stereotypic, repetitive, self-stimulatory behaviors, Wide range of language and communication disorders
Parenting a child with ASD
Families need info and support, Intensive, early intervention, Role of parent is very demanding, Siblings also need support, Siblings play an important role, especially in socialization, Need resources appropriate to age, Need attention from parents
Restrictive or repetitive behaviors
theory of mind
Is the capacity we have to understand mental states such as: believes, feelings, desires, hope and intentions. Its the way we imagine other people’s feelings or thoughts. We can create a mental picture of our own emotions or other people’s feelings. This theory of mind enables us to understand the behavior people display is caused by their inner feelings, believes or intensions (people with ASD lack this)
Echolalia
Self-stimulatory behaviors
flapping, rocking, shaking, tapping
speech contains…
voice, pitch, articulation, fluency, and apraxia of speech
