test 3 Flashcards
What were the two most popular gardens in Rome?
- Gardens of Lucullus (contained libraries, sculptures, mosaics, nymphaea)
- Gardens of Sallust (contained a temple of Venus, fish ponds, sculptures, and porticus)
What are some of the main features of Rome’s most popular gardens?
- sculptures
- libraries
- fish ponds
- porticus (covered columnade)
- temples
- mosaics
What are the two main types of bath-complexes in Rome during the Empire?
there were thermae (large public baths) and balnea (small public/private baths)
Describe the typical bathing features of a public bath-complex.
- frigidarium (cold room)
- tepidarium (warm room)
- caldarium (hot room)
Describe how a hypocaust works (be sure to use Latin terms as appropriate).
- the hypocaust was the heating system for Roman bath-houses.
- the pool of water would be raised on pilae, small pillars under the floor.
- a praefurnium (furnace) would heat the bath with fire/coals that Roman slaves would tend to to keep the water hot. This would be closest to the hot room (caldarium).
- tibuli would be tubes in the walls to make the whole room warm
Apart from actual bathing, what other services and amenities were offered at a public bath-complex?
There would be areas for swimming, sports, and food/drinks, as well as spots for academic conversation.
Which foods formed the staple of the Roman diet?
- grains (bread/porridge)
- olives/olive oil
- fruits (figs, pears, apples, grapes)
- vegetables (celery, garlic, cabbage, broccoli, leeks)
- garum (fish sauce)
- wine
What are some typical features of a formal aristocratic banquet?
- meat (fish, chicken, pork, beef)
- cheese
- honey
- legumes (chickpeas, lentils)
- nuts (walnuts, pine nuts, almonds, chestnuts)
Describe the origins of gladiator duels at Rome
- origins could be from the monarchy (inspired by an Etruscan funerary ritual) or from the early Republic (Campanian funerary ritual)
- first gladiatorial games at Rome were in the 3rd century BC
Describe the four main sources of gladiators
- prisoners of war
- slaves
- criminals
- auctorati (volunteers)
Where do gladiators receive their training?
- the ludus (gladiator school)
- they take a gladiators oath to be “burned, flogged, beaten, slain by steel”
Who oversees gladiator training?
- the lanista (overseer)
Describe the basic aspects of gladiator training
- practice basic skills w/ wooden weapons
- trainees specialize in something (large shields vs small shields, etc.)
- trainees pick stage names (ex: achilles)
- a special diet –> called hordearii (barley men)
- receive medical care (mention Galen)
Describe the basic elements of a munus legitimum
- munus legitimum = a proper spectacle
- pompa: procession (musicians, performers, statues of gods)
- venatio: animal hunt (exotic animals)
- sometimes a naumachia (naval battle)
What are some typical Roman attitudes towards gladiators?
- hated (slaves/POW)
- admired/lusted after
