Test #3 Flashcards
Consciousness
degree of awareness
menstrual cycle, breathing, bathroom, sleep/wake
Biological circadian clocks
drowsiness, still awake, low eyes 8-12 waves per second combination on the EEG
Alpha stage
lightest stage of sleep, lasts max seven minutes, consciousness decreasing, wave frequently 4-7 waves per second on EEG
Stage 1
takes 15-20 mins to get here, falling deeper asleep, blood pressure decreasing, brain waves spike, sleep spindles
Stage 2
heart rate and temperature decrease, EEG brain wave pattern decreases. Slow rhythmic pattern
Stage 3&4
deepest sleep, rapid eye movement. Eyes moving back and forth. State that you dream in. low amplitude wave thats high in frequency 14-25 waves per second
REM sleep
your unconscious freely expresses itself even while your body is at rest. Interpretation of every dream had to have a sexual content (not true) Freud
Freud idea of conscious and unconscious
Dreams reflect waking concerns, when you’re sleeping your brain works on the same things it does when it’s awake. Relation to what is going on in wake life to dream. Most evidence of this Rosalind Cartwright
Extensions of waking life theory-Rosalind Cartwright
Dreams are entirely rem, nothing meaningful to why we activate certain memories. Help us better remember. Piece together meaning to memories that are typically random.J Allan Hobson
Activation Synthesis theory- J Allan Hobson
dream of threatening things to be prepared for said threat
Threat simulation theory
what is typical content for dreams?
normally involve people, will take place inside rather than outside. Can only dream of things already in your memory.
what type of emotions do dreams typically convey?
Emotions tend to be negative rather than positive. Your brain feels like it needs to resolve an issue.
1700s Anton Mesmer, dissociated consciousness. Perception is altered.
Hypnosis
someone suggesting a smell, pain, but believing what you want.
socio-cognitive theory-
was hard for the subject to deal with so they are told not to remember and they don’t.
Posthypnotic amnesia
located in the center of the brain.
secretion increases with darkness and decreases with light. drugs do not work unless you have a deficiency.
Melatonin
occurs in older people,
voluntary muscles are paralyzed and sleepers will act out their dreams (causes them to break a hand, punch a wall, hit a spouse)
REM behavior disorder
low body temperature in the morning and it rises throughout the day, temperature of a morning person rises more quickly 1-3 hours earlier than an evening person
getting up
body temperature of a morning person peaks earlier in the evening and an evening person’s body temp peaks 1-3 hours later, so they would go to bed later.
going to bed
increased activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which regulates the sleep cycle, not as susceptible to fatigue
evening people
what percent of adults sleep six hours or less per night?
16%
what percent of adults sleep 6-7 hours per night?
24%
what percent of adults sleep 8 or more hours per night?
26%
what percent of adults sleep 7-8 hours per night?
31%
how many hours of sleep does a child need
9 hours
how many hours a day does a new born sleep?
17 hours
how many hours of sleep do elderly people need?
6.5 hours a night but naps make up lost sleep
brain repairs itself during sleep.
Repair theory
sleep helps us avoid danger
Adaptive theory
what part of the brain is turned off to go to sleep
Reticular formation
troubles going to sleep or staying asleep
Insomnia
occur during REM sleep, usually involve danger
Nightmares
20 million adults in the US have this, a person stops breathing for more than 10 seconds at a time while sleeping
Wakes up continue breathing, then goes back to sleep
Sleep apnea
this chronic disorder causes excessive sleepiness, short periods of sleep throughout the day. Brief periods of REM sleep and loss of muscle
Narcolepsy
occurs in stage 3 or 4 of delta sleep
Has small conversations
No memory of this
Poor coordination and clumsiness
sleep walking
goes through neurotransmitters works its way through the central nervous system
Psychoactive drugs
does not produce change in the central nervous system
Non psychoactive drugs
marijuanna, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine
legal drugs
still using the drug even with a negative outcome
substance abuse
makes someone feel sick, almost always the opposite of whatever the drug is helping with.
withdrawal
give reward to the midbrain
drugs
overwhelming desire to use/obtain the drug even after stopping still crave the drug, relapse and then use again
addiction
after using a drug for a long time it doesn’t have the desired effect, larger dose of drug for same effect
Tolerance
change in nervous system takes drug to prevent painful withdrawl symptoms
Dependency
physical and psychological symptoms, occur after drug dependent person stops using drug.
Withdrawal symptoms
Increases alertness arousal, awareness, get less sleep, decrease fatigue, less of an appetite
stimulants
in the 60s you could go to the doctor and say you were tired and get prescribed this drug. Studies proved this caused addiction more than other drugs. This drug is now only able to be prescribed for narcolepsy and ADHD
Amphetamine- illegal stimulant
when was amphetamine prescribed by doctors for fatigue, depression and obesity
1960s
when was increased use of cocaine, Stimulate of choice
1970s
drug war FDA cracked down on cocaine and drugs
1980s
when ppl were looking for a new stimulant. They used the internet to find the recipe for this drug. Ppl were producing the drug in their garage, hard for police to crack down
1990s- methamphetamine.
grows in South America.
Increase the release of dopamine and block its reuptake.
Enhanced mood , alertness, increased activity.
Lack of Appetite, weight loss, loss of sleep, respiratory (whether it is smoked or snorted) heart rate increase, cardiac problems
cocaine
mild stimulants, dependent on this with low dosages could cause dependency. Headaches, shaking, feeling tired, cranky,
caffeine 16 oz is two cups
doesn’t cause cancer. It’s the tar
Potent cognitive enhancer, Improves concentration.
Makes someone feel good due to stimulant.
Could cause someone to gain weight since this is an appetite suppressor.
nicotine
how to stop a nicotine addiction?
gum or patch if one smoked 20 cigs a day, decrease 1 cig a day for 20 days.
Replace it with something else to put in your mouth.
have their effect because they work on endorphins
used for pain physically and mentally, and constipation.
Opiates
release when pain occurs, or while running.
endorphins
misrepresentation of any of your five senses, visual, auditory, smell, tactical, taste.
Hallucinogens
extremely hallucinogenic, a small dose has a powerful effect.
Floods body with serotonin.
Known as feel good neurotransmitter,
LSD
memory trace
flashback of what happened while on LSD
what is the main chemical in magic mushrooms
Psilocybin
alteration of mood, slight visual sensation, mild hyperhaluction effects, slightly alter feelings
magic mushrooms
grows from peyote cactus,
mild hyperhaluction effects, slightly alter feelings
Mescaline-
a combination of properties, combining stimulants with hallucinogenic ecstasy: used at Long standing party, art festival, music festival, social element, comes through dopamine, more dopamine present.
High levels of serotonin
designer drugs
really potent drug. Releases serotonin and dopamine
heightens sensations feel euphoric
Manufactured drugs may alter ingredients many don’t know what is in the drug,
MDMA
Going through withdrawals from this hightness risk of seizures.
Alcohol
memory issues, respiratory problems, Coordination affects, reaction time impact
not common to cause addiction or withdrawals.
Marijuana
chemical messenger. Think of chemical key that open or close the doors in neurons. This will result in decreased neural activity.
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitters are removed through reabsorption.
reuptake
