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NSG 203 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is marasmus?

A

Severe malnutrition - protein-energy under nutrition

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2
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

Lack of protein

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3
Q

What is starvation?

A

Lack of nutrients

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4
Q

What is Basal Metabolic Rate?

A

Minimum amt of energy required for body to function

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5
Q

What are the 2 major biochemical processes?

A

Anabolism, Catabolism

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6
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Protein synthesis - Anabolism Adds Amino Acids together

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7
Q

What is catabolism

A

Catabolism is the CATAstrophic breakdown of proteins for energy

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8
Q

What are the macro nutrients?

A

Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Water

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9
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins, minerals, electrolytes

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10
Q

Triglycerides are the _____ _____ lipids in food

A

Most abundant

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11
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

Raise the body’s cholesterol

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12
Q

What are the 2 unsaturated “essential” fatty acids?

A

Omega-3 and Omega-6

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13
Q

Fat soluble vitamins are:

A

A, D, E, K (A fat DEK)

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14
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

Vit C and B’s

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15
Q

Water soluble vitamins are involved in the production of what?

A

RBCs

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16
Q

Vitamin D: (1)
Vitamin K: (1)
Vitamin C: (2)

A

Vitamin D: bone structure
Vitamin K: clotting
Vitamin C: healing, immunity

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17
Q

K+ plays a major role in what body system?

A

Heart/Cardio

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18
Q

Na+ plays a role in what body system?

A

Brain/Neuro

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19
Q

Antioxidants protect against ____ _____ and _____.

A

Free radicals and disease.

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20
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

In the mouth

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21
Q

Digestive enzymes ____________.

A

Breakdown food for digestion.

22
Q

What does bile do?

A

Breaks down fats

23
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

Pancreas

24
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the liver.

25
Q

Where are the nutrients absorbed?

A

In the SMALL intestine

26
Q

How much dietary Na+ per day?

A

<2300 mg/day

27
Q

What is the vasomotor symptoms that occur w/in 30 minutes of eating?

A

Dumping Syndrome

28
Q

Obesity = BMI of _____

A

30 or higher

29
Q

Morbid Obesity is BMI of _____

A

40 or higher

30
Q

Anorexia can have body image _____

A

Distortion

31
Q

Joint Commission says Mini Nutritional Assesment (MNA) must be completed within _____ of admission

A

24 hours

32
Q

What does malnutrition do to the hair? (5 things)

A

Thin
Dry
Stiff
Lack of shine
Lose pigment, appear pale

33
Q

What does malnutrition do to the skin? (6 things)

A

Dry skin
Rough
Pallor
Bruise easy or petechiae
Poor skin turgor
Dry, cracked lips

34
Q

Is BMI a independent assessment?

A

No - it’s part of a full body assessment

35
Q

Swallow studies are needed for which type of patients? (2)

A

Dysphasia and those at risk for aspiration

36
Q

What 2 nutrition factors contribute to diarrhea?

A

High fat intake
Use of artificial sweeteners

37
Q

What labs would we assess for nutrition assessment? (5)

A

Albumin
Prealbumin
Transferin
Hgb, Hct
Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

38
Q

What data supports “impaired nutritional intake”? (3)

A

Inadequate intake
Cachectic appearance (wasting)
18 kg/40# wt loss in 6 months

39
Q

What data supports “impaired swallowing”? (2)

A

Neurological damage (ex: CVA)
Gagging, choking, coughing with intake

40
Q

What data supports “impaired self-feeding”? (2)

A

Sensory and motor deficits (ex: spinal cord injury)
BUE paralysis

41
Q

What macronutrient should you increase in older adults (>65)?

A

PROTEIN

42
Q

What’s are the 2 most important things to remember when administering meds through a G-tube?

A

Dissolve meds in water (never add directly into G-tube)
Give meds separately

43
Q

What do you document regarding feeding tubes? (5)

A
  1. Complications following PEG tube placement
  2. Assess skin
  3. Patent?
  4. Patient tolerance of feeding
  5. Patient and family teaching r/t tube care and maintenance
44
Q

What type of nutrition is given using a PICC line or CVC by means of an infusion pump?

A

TPN

45
Q

What is an NG tube used for? (5)

A

Short-term feeding
Suction stomach contents
Irrigation of the stomach
Decompress the stomach
Allows GI to rest/heal

46
Q

What is the only way to verify placement of an NG tube?

A

X-ray

47
Q

What major thing to watch for while inserting NG tube? Why?

A

C/O difficulty breathing (it went into the lungs)

48
Q

How often do you assess placement?

A

Q shift

49
Q

Where should the HOB be?

A

45-90 degrees

50
Q

NG tubes: Flush c _____mL of water every _____ hours. Why?

A

30mL of water every 4 hours.
To keep the tube patent.

NSG 203 (1 decks)

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