Test 3 Flashcards
type of teeth found in children 2-6 “meaning fall off”
deciduous
nick names for primary teeth (2)
baby, milk teeth
premature loss of primary teeth can lead to what
over crowded permanent teeth
Trauma of primary tooth can cause defect in permanent tooth is called what
Turners tooth
what are the proportions of dentin, enamel and pulp
relatively thin dentin and enamel, proportionally large pulp
Spacing is normal throughout primary anterior teeth, but is most noticeable at these locations
Primate Spaces
What is beneficial regions in primary teeth that occur 50% of the time and often concern parents
Primate Spaces
provide room for permanent incisors and canines, which are wider
primate spaces
How is the primary crown compared to the permanent teeth
wider mesiodistally and shorter insicocervially
what is the color of primary teeth
whiter than permanent
primary teeth are less what and more prone to attrition
mineralized
primary dentition usually do not have what three things
no depressions, mammelons or perykimata
Enamel seems to do what at the cervical line
seems to bulge rather than gradually tapering
Primary teeth have relatively longer what compared to their crowns
longer roots
Primary Universal numbering system
A-J -upper
K-T lower
Primary International numbering system
5,6,7,8, ones are at the central incisors and eight at 2nd molar
Maxillary Central incisors developmental stages
Initial calcification 4-4.5 months in utero Enamel Completed 17 weeks Eruption 32 weeks Root completed 1-2 years Exfoliate 6-7 years
Maxillary Lateral incisors
Initial calcification 4.5 months in utero Enamel Completed 22 weeks Eruption 34 weeks Root completed 1.5-2 years Exfoliate 7-8 years
Maxillary Canines
Initial calcification 5 months in utero Enamel Completed 39 weeks Eruption 1 1/3- 1-2/3 year Root completed 2-3 years Exfoliate 10-12 years
Mandibular central incisors
Initial calcification 4-4.5 months in utero Enamel Completed 17 weeks Eruption 28 weeks Root completed 1-2 years Exfoliate 6-7 years
Mandibular lateral incisors
Initial calcification 4.5 months in utero Enamel Completed 18 weeks Eruption 30 weeks Root completed 1-2 years Exfoliate 7-8 years
Mandibular canines
Initial calcification 5 months in utero Enamel Completed 39 weeks Eruption 1 1/2- 1/2/3 years Root completed 2-3 years Exfoliate 9-12 years
which primary teeth do not have facial depressions like the permanent
maxillary central incisors
The proximal surfaces of the primary mandibular incisors are more
convex
The cingula of the primary central incisor is more or less prominent than the permanent
more prominent
The apical aspect of the primary incisors roots curves in what direction
facially
the MD, FL dimensions of the mandibular primary incisors is more what than the maxillary primary
nearly equal, more even
maxillary have larger of which crown dimensions compared to mandibular
faciolingual
lateral incisor roots have a proportionally longer what then the central
root
from the incisal view the crown shape of the maxillary central incisors is what
diamond shaped
from the incisal view the crown shape of the maxillary lateral incisors is what
circular
the mandibular central incisor meet at a nearly what
right angle
the mandibular lateral incisor has what compared to the mandibular central incisors
root is longer and curves distally
which mandibular incisor is not symmetrical and has a cingulum bulge toward the distal
mandibular lateral
what is the incisal edge curvature of the mandibular lateral incisor compared to the mandibular central incisor
mandibular lateral is curved
mandibular central is nearly straight
from the incisal view the crown shape of the maxillary central incisors is what
maxillary central incisor
Which primary tooth has symmetrical crown
mandibular central incisor
the cusp on which canine (set trait) is sharper and longer
primary canine
the primary maxillary canine appear exeptionally what
short and wide
The apical third of the primary canine root bends in what direction whereas the permanent canine roots remains relatively straight
facially
maxillary crowns are what when view facially compared to the mandibular
wider, less narrow
Mandibular cusp for primary canines is what compared to maxillary
sharper cusp
what is unique about the cusp ridge of the primary maxillary canine
the mesial side is longer than the distal
what are two characteristics of primary maxillary canines
longer root that is bent distally
mandibular primary canine has a single concave what
lingual fossa
what is more pronounced in the maxillary canine than the mandibular canine when viewed lingually
more pronounced marginal and lingual ridges
what surface is more visible for the primary maxillary canine, what is more visible for the primary mandibular canine
lingual
Facial
cusp tip is off set in which direction for primary maxillary canine
distal
The cusp tip is mesially positioned and the distal aspect is slightly more bulky for which primary canine
mandibular
The cingulum is centered or just distal of center for which primary canine
mandibular
Which tooth has longer mesial cusp ridge than distal cusp ridge
A. Primary maxillary canine= answer
B. Primary mandibular canine
C. Permanent maxillary canine
D. Permanent mandibular canine
Which primary tooth has the longest
root prior to resorption
A. Primary maxillary canine = answer
B. Primary mandibular canine
C. Permanent maxillary canine
D. Permanent mandibular canine
high energy passes through substances without any change in either the matter or the photons themselves
penetration
energy is transferred to atoms of the substance, which completely reduces (absorbs) the energy of the photons to eliminate the radiation.
attenuation
Some energy is transferred to atoms of the substance, reducing photon energy and thus changes the direction of the original course of emitted radiation
scatter
the viewable, tangible image of the object that is exposed to the x-radiation.
radiograph
technique of production of an
image on film.
radiography
what type of xray shows interproximal caries in one portion of the jaw
bitewing
whaty type of xray shows the entire tooth structure from root to crown
Periapical
what is it called when teeth do not erupt
ameleoblastoma
an increase in cemental grown in and around the root is called
hypercemetosis
most common supernumerary tooth may be erupted, impacted or inverted
Mesodens, Hyperdontia
cementum of tooth’s root is fused to the surrounding bone, very hard to extract, submerged tooth
ankylosis
impaction usually occurs where in posterior teeth
when the third molars begin to erupt
balloon like enlargement of root canal
internal resorbtion
the part of the tooth (root) covered by cementum
anatomic root
the part of the tooth (crown) covered by enamel
anatomic crown
the part of the tooth (root) not visible in the oral cavity
clinical root
the inner surface of the cementum lining the root.
cementodential junction
separates the anatomic crown from the anatomic root. Also known as the cervical line - the demarcation of the cervix of the tooth.
cementoenamel junction
the inner surface of the enamel cap.
dentinoenamel junction
the opening at the apex of the root through which pass nerves and blood vessels
apical foramen
the area of a multi-rooted tooth where the root divides.
furcation
the area between the roots of a multiroooted tooth.
interfurcal area
soft connective tissue, contains blood vessels, non calcified in the cavity of the crown
pulp
responds to injury or caries (infection) by forming reparative dentin (odontoblasts). Is which function of pulp
defensive
transports nutrients from the bloodstream to cells of the pulp that reach the osteoblasts in the dentin. Blood in the pulp had passed through the heart only 6 seconds previously is what function of the pulp
nutritive
Nerve endings permit the sense of pain from heat, cold, instrumentation, sweet, caries (bacteria), and trauma. The nerve fibers are unable to distinguish the cause of the pain. is what function of the pulp
sensory
dentin-producing cells (odontoblasts) produce dentin throughout the life of the tooth. This is called secondary dentin. is what function of the pulp
formative
The branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, & pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues.
endodontics
Portion of the root canal system within the anatomical crown, area where injury to pulp can occur, and most blood vessels are located
pulp chamber
Extensions of the pulp chamber coronally
pulp horn
Where the pulp chamber joins the pulp located within the root
pulp orifices
the main opening at the apex of the root through which pass the nerves and blood vessels supplying the pulp.
apical constriction
the smallest diameter of canal as it exits the tooth.
apical foramen
what is the general shape of the area including the apical constriction and apical foramen
funnel shaped
the apical foramen connects what two things
the pulp to the rest of the body
Canal connecting the pulp with the periodontal tissue. The canal/s exit the root at the accessory foramen. Most occur in the apical 1/3, second most are in the furcation area.
accessory canal
in general the pulp shape reflects what
the shape of the crown
average tooth and pulp are fully complete how many years after eruption
4.5
what two things cause change in root morphology
physiological age and irritants
abrasion, erosion, attrition, caries and periodontal disease are examples of what
irritants
Connective tissue and vessels but are not thought to supply pulp with collateral circulation is which type of canal
lateral canals
where are lateral canals most common
in apical 1/3 of root
The closer two canal orifices are to each other, the more likely they are to connect with each other at some other point along their path to the apex, TRUE OR FALSE
True
When one canal splits into two in a facial-lingual direction, the lingual canal may separate at a very sharp angle. The facial canal is usually the one with direct access to the apex. This sharp angle is known as a
fast break
when two canals join to form one, which canal is the one with the direct access to the apex
lingual
Degree of curvature, As the degree of curvature increases what happens
the cases become more difficult
Radius of curvature, as the radius of the curvature decreases what happens
the cases become more difficult
the cases become more difficult as what increases and what decreases
increase curvature, and decrease angle of curvature
Greater radius, smaller angle (degree) Smaller radius, greater angle (degree) which one is more difficult
smaller radius, greater angle
The floor of the pulp chamber is always located in the center of the tooth at the level of the CEJ. Is what law
law of centrality
The walls of the pulp chamber are always concentric (extending out equally in all directions) to the external surface of the tooth at the level of the cervical line. which law?
law of concentricity
The CEJ is the most consistent, repeatable landmark for locating the position of the pulp chamber.
law of CEJ
what tends to be darker than the surrounding tooth structure when considering root structure
pulp chamber floors
what are always located at the junction of the walls & floors
canal orifices
Reparative dentin and calcification can obscure what two things
pulp chamber floor and canal orifices
occasionally there are developmental lines that are darker than the pulp chamber floor that are called
root fusion lines
If one canal exists where is it located
in the center of the preparation
if only one orifice is found and it is not located at the center of the correct prep you must
look for the other orifices
Primary mandibular central incisor eruption
8 months
Primary maxillary central incisors eruption
10 months
Primary mandibular lateral incisors eruption
13 months
Primary maxillary lateral incisors eruption
11 months
Primary maxillary 1st Molar
16 months
Primary mandibular 1st Molar
16 months
Primary maxillary canine
19 months
Primary mandibular canine
20 months
Primary mandibular 2nd molar
27 months
Primary maxillary 2nd molar
29 months
Permanent maxillary and mandibular 1st molar crown completion is when
2-3
Permanent Max and Mand central and lateral incisors crown completion
4-5
Permanent max and mand 1st premolar crown completion
5-6
permanent max and mand 2nd premolar and max and mand canine crown completion
6-7
Permanent max and mand 2nd molars crown completion
7-8
Permanent max and mand 3rd molars crown completion
12-16
Primary max central incisor crown completion
1.5 months
Primary mand central incisors and max lateral incisors crown completion
2.5 months
Primary mand lateral incisors crown completion
3
Primary mand 1st molar crown completion
5.5
Primary max 1st molar crown completion
6
Primary max and mand canines crown completion
9
Primary mand 2nd molar crown completion
10
Primary max 2nd molar crown completion
11
permanent Mand 1st molar, max 1st molar mand central incisor eruption
6-7
permanent mandibular lateral incisors and max central incisor eruption
7-8
permanent max lateral incisors eruption
8-9
permanent mand canine eruption
9-10
permanent max 1st premolar eruption
10-11
permanent mand 1st premolar and max 2nd premolar eruption
10-12
permanent mand 2nd premolar and max canine eruption
11-12
permanent mand 2nd molar and max 2nd molar eruption
11-13
permanent max and hand 3rd molar eruption
17-21
Primary root completion max central incisors, mand central and lateral incisors root completion
1.5
Primary max lateral incisors root completion
2
Primary mand 1st molar root completion
2.25
Primary max 1st molar root completion
2.5
Primary max and mand 2nd molar root completion
3
Primary max and mand canines root completion
3.25
Permanent Mand central incisors root completion
9
Permanent max and mand 1st molar root completion
9-10
Permanent max central and mand lateral incisors root completion
10
Permanent max lateral incisors root completion
11
Permanent max and mand 1st premolar root completion
12-13
Permanent mand canines and max 2nd premolars root completion
12-14
Permanent mand 2nd premolars root completion
13-14
Permanent max canines completion
13-15
Permanent mand 2nd molars completion
14-15
Permanent max 2nd molars completion
14-16
Permanent max and mand 3rd molars completion
18-25
With a type IV vertucci classification, how many distinct roots will be present at the apical end
2
What are located in the apex of the root
apical foramen and apical constriction
Regarding the root
Irritants, such as caries, periodontal disease, and trauma, can change the morphology
Which primary anterior tooth is symmetrical
Mandibular central I
Which of the following teeth erupt in the intertransitional phase
No teeth erupt during this period
The first primary teeth to erupt are _______ and the last primary teeth that erupt are_____?
O, P and A, J
In the formation of a classic radiographic image, which of the following elements is NOT necessary?
a. X-rays
b. Object- tooth, bone
c. Image receptor- traditional film, digital sensor
d. Contrast density equalizer
e. viewer
D
Which structure has the highest radiopacity on a radiograph
dental amalgam
one root one canal is what type of vertucci
type 1
two canals that become one root is what type of vertucci
type 2
one canal that splits to make two and then rejoins is what type of vertucci
type 3
third molars erupt following what period
second transition period
