Test 3 Flashcards
Berlin Conference 1884-1885
European powers, as well as other governments such as the US, allocated territorial rights to most of central and southern Africa without the presence of a single African.
Mbuntu: African proverb
The common bonds between people are more important than any individual divisions and arguments within it.
Mamady Keita
Master djembe drummer and music teacher
Djembefola
one who plays the djembe
Polyrhythm
multiple rhythms
Djembe
rope-tuned goblet drum
Dununba
Largest dunun. Played with a stick.
Kenkeni
Smallest dunun
Sangban
Medium size dunun
Donno
Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum found in Ghana and elsewhere in West Africa
Atumpan
pair of drums played with wooden angled sticks
Cas cas
two round shakers connected by string
Kpanlogo
Recreational dance and music form originating in the 1960’s among urban youth in Ghana.
Also a drum.
Krin
log drum
Balafon
wooden marimba w/ gourds underneath for amplification
Jali/Djeli/Griot
A poet/praise-singer and oral historian from the Mandinka of Western Africa
Ngoni
string instrument, accompany the jali/griot
Kora
A harp-lute or bridge harp played by a jali during his poetic recitation.
“Spraying”
placing money on griot’s forehead, in his instrument, etc.
Birimintingo
section of jali marked by flourishing solo runs on the kora. Can be used for soloist to collect thoughts, survey audience, or for entertainment.
Kumbengo
jali section marked by performer playing a steady repeated pattern while singing praises that relate history of Mandinka or of individual family lineages.
King Sunny Ade
Most famous juju musician. Royal lineage.
Juju music
Popular Nigerian music style blending tradition foundation of polyrhythmic percussion and storytelling with modern elements of instrumentation and concert performance.
Gan gan
“talking” drum, hourglass pressure drum
Shekere
Gourd rattles
Central Africa - Which countries?
Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic.
Pygmy
A general term describing the many ethnic groups of forest-dwellers in the rain forests of Central Africa
Mbuti
Pygmy group in Congo. Nomadic lifestyle and egalitarian social structure. Everybody plays an equal role. Mbuti pygmy music vocal performance.
Mbira
A general reference to lamellophones found throughout Africa, in particular those common to the Shona and other ethnic groups from Zimbabwe. Sounds like a music box.
Llamellophone
Instrument that produces sounds through vibrating part
Hosho
Gourd rattle with internal beads
Kushaura
lead part of mbira music, higher ranged. Interlocks with kutsinhira.
Kutsinhira
following part of mbira music, lower ranged. Interlocks with kushaura.
Akadinda
A large, heavy log xylophone from Uganda that uses interlocking patterns that can approach nearly 600 bpm
Interlocking patterns
Different patterns interlock to create fast polyrhythms.
Afrikaners
The descendants of Dutch colonialists in South Africa
Afrikaans
A language in South Africa closely related to Dutch
King Shaka
Zulu warrior king - established a powerful kingdom. Viewed as a cultural hero by some, and as a tyrant by others.
Apartheid
A policy of racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-Europeans in South Africa
Mbube
South African vocal music
Isicathamiya
derivitive of mbube style that emphasizes quiet approach. Created by Joseph Shabalala.
Ladysmith Black Mambazo
South Africa’s iconic choral group. Isicathamiya style. Dominated competitions to the point where other groups refused to participate.
Joseph Shabalala
Founded Ladysmith Black Mambazo and isicathamiya style.
Amandla
means “power” in South African languages
Soweto Uprising
South West Townships
Series of demonstrations by black school children in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as language to be used in schools. Many were shot and killed.
Hector Pieterson
12yo schoolboy shot and killed by police during Soweto Uprising. Photo of his body being carried spread around the world.
Nelson Mandela
Anti-apartheid political leader, elected president in 1994
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika
Alternative anthem of South Africa. Symbol of anti-apartheid movement. Represents the suffering of the pressed masses.
Toyi-toyi
South African dance often used for intimidating the South African police and security forces during anti-apartheid demonstrations