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Chapter 6-8 ABA > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

Extinction

A

the end of a behavior

withholding the reinforcers that maintain a target behavior

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2
Q

what does “We maintain behavior through consequences mean?”

A

what follows a behavior makes it more or less likely to happen more often

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3
Q

do you see behavior disappear?

A

no. it gradually goes away

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4
Q

is extinction easy?

A

no. because there may be reinforcement you cannot control

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5
Q

operant behavior

A

influenced by consequences

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6
Q

rules for extinction

A
  1. Define target Bx
  2. Identify the reinforcers that maintain the target Bx
  3. withhold ALL! reinforcement of the target Bx
  4. Monitor results
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7
Q

Partial Reinforcement

A

This is not good. You need to rid of all reinforcements or it will be hard/impossible to extinct

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8
Q

Problems with extinction

A

uncontrolled reinforcement

slowness

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9
Q

uncontrolled reinforcement

A

it is hard to make sure the target Bx is not being reinforced
maybe you are not providing reinforcement but someone else is
it maybe internal reinforcement
bootleg reinforcement

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10
Q

bootleg reinforcement

A

inappropriate reinforcement that undermines an intervention

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11
Q

internal reinforcement

A

pleasure is derived internally (e.g. masturbation in public)

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12
Q

slowness (as a extinction problem)

A

Bx’s do not go away overnight
it takes a while to reduce Bx
Everyone needs to be patient and you must have good by in by others and let them know what is going to happen before hand

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13
Q

unwanted side effects

A

extinction burst
resurgence
spontaneous recovery

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14
Q

extinction burst

A

sharp increase in the fx of the Bx on extinction (things will get worse before they get better)
you have to prepare for it and make sure those you are working with prepare also by telling them

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15
Q

resurgence

A

the reapperance, during extinction, of a previously effective Bx; long period of time

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16
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

the reapperance of the target Bx following its extinction

very short and quick period of time

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17
Q

differential reinforcement

A

combines extinction and reinforcement to change fx of target Bx

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18
Q

do you use DR to increase or decrease frequency of Bx?

A

You can use it for both

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19
Q

3 types of DR

A

DR of Low Rate
DR of Alternate Behavior
DR of Incompatible Behavior

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20
Q

DR of Low Rate (DRL)

A

reinforce the target Bx when it occurs at low rate

NOT REINFORCING THE Bx BUT THE LOWER RATE

21
Q

DR of Alternative Bx (DRA)

A

reinforce an alternate Bx instead of the target Bx

22
Q

DR of Incompatible Bx (DRI)

A

reinforce target Bx that is incompatible with the target Bx

23
Q

What is this ex. of?

Reinforcing Jessica when she goes from urinating in the bed 7 times a week to 4 times a week?

A

DRL

24
Q 
What is this ex. of?
Renee walks out the class room instead of punching her enemy in the face?
A

DRA

25
Q

What is this an example of?
Little boy puts hand in pants even though you gave him a toy.
You tell him to put hand in pocket instead

A

DRI

26
Q

Rules for Using DR

A
  1. Define target Bx
  2. Put undesirable behavior (rate) on extinction
  3. Reinforce the desirable Bx (or rate)
  4. Monitor results
27
Q

punishment

A

decreases Bx

28
Q

Behavior is a ______ of its _______

A

function; consequences

29
Q

consequences can…

A

strengthen or weaken a Bx

30
Q

punisher

A

any event that when made contigent on a Bx decreases the fx of that behavior

31
Q

Punishers are __________

A

aversive

32
Q

Is what is aversive subjective or objective

A

subjective

33
Q

ex. of? giving a spanking or chores

A

+ punishment

34
Q

ex. of? taking away XBox

A
  • punishment
35
Q

reprimand

A

reduce the fx of a target Bx by making disapproval contingent on target Bx
most frequently used form
usually verbal
weak form

36
Q

Reprimanding can take the form of _________

A

sarcasm

37
Q

Is reprimanding effective?

A

not always

38
Q

response cost

A

to reduce the fx of a target Bx by making removal of a reinforcer contingent on the target Bx
Safe form on punishment that works in a variety of settings

39
Q

Time out

A

reduce the fx of the target Bx by making the removal of a person from a reinforcing situation contingent on the target behavior
REMOVAL FROM ALL REINFORCERS
safe and effective

40
Q

why might timeouts not work

A
  • They may get attention during the timeout

- The authority may not want to put the time or effort in

41
Q

overcorrection

A

reduce the fx of a target Bx by making restitution for damages done and repeated performances of appropriate behavior contingent on the target Bx

42
Q

positive practice

A

repeated performance

43
Q

restitutuins

A

not only fixing what was done but doing more

44
Q

difficulty with overcorrection

A

time consuming

45
Q

physical punishment

A

reduce fx of Bx by making noninjurous brief contact with skin
LAST RESORT

46
Q

physical abuse

A

type of phy. punishment
long-lasting discomfort
permanent damage

47
Q

Behaviorist usully (disagree/agree) with using physical punishment unless the problem behavior might cause permanant injury (such as a child with autism hitting head and you are afraid of brain damage)

A

disagree

48
Q

Negative side effects of punishment

A

Produces undesireable emotional reactions (Fear of punisher)
Escape and avoidance learning
Can increase aggression
abuse

49
Q

Innopropro uses of punishment

A

Idea is not to hurt people
Not about retibution
Should only be done to change Bx, not to relieve frustration

Chapter 6-8 ABA (1 decks)

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