Test Flashcards
What is True under the metabolic condition of anaerobic glycolysis?
There is a net synthesis of two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate.
What statement below describes metabolic effects of an infant with an enlarged liver due to a deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase?
A. Cannot maintain blood glucose levels either by glycogenolysis or by gluconeogenesis.
What type of sugar is glucose?
D-aldose
A deficiency in which glycolytic enzymes below would have the largest effect in increasing BPG concentration and thus decreasing oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin?
Pyruvate kinase
What is a characteristic of a rate-determining step of a metabolic pathway?
A step that functions far from equilibrium and has a large negative free energy change.
In what from does carbon enter the TCA cycle?
Acetyl-CoA
Which of the following conditions decreases the oxidation of acetyl-CoA by the citric acid cycle?
A low NAD+/NADH ratio
Which of the statements below does not describe a possible metabolic fate for glucose?
Conversion to Glycogen via Glycogenolysis
Which one of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?
The regulated reactions are the one with largest change in free energy.
Glutamine can be used as a source of energy through what metabolic process?
Glutaminolysis
Which one of the metabolites in the TCA cycle is a precursor to fatty acid biosynthesis?
Citrate
What is the site of fatty acid catabolism?
Mitochondria
Which is not a potential metabolic fate of glucose?
fatty acid
Which pathway contributes to the biosynthesis of nucleotides?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Which process would you expect to be minimal after a well balanced meal?
Gluconeogenesis
Which of the metabolite listed below connects carbon and fatty acid metabolism?
Acetyl-CoA
What statement below provides the best argument for lipids as the most efficient form of biologically stored energy?
Highly reduced state
Acetyl-CoA can be used for the biosynthesis of which molecules?
Ketone bodies, cholesterol, and HMG-CoA
What is the importance of transamination reactions?
Transamination reactions allows the utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate for the biosynthesis of glutamate.
How are fatty acids transported to the mitochondria?
Carnitine shuttle
Which statement is true regarding ketone bodies?
The are produced form Acetyl-CoA
Which organ receives the bulk of nutrients and actively stores, catabolizes, synthesizes or releases these nutrients back in the bloodstream?
Liver
Acetyl-CoA is a compound that contains a “high energy” ______ bond.
Thioester
What is the best reason lactate production can rapidly increase in a working muscle?
The rate of oxygen reduction by mitochondria becomes rate limiting
Where does fatty acid oxidation and synthesis take place?
F. A. synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, while oxidation takes place in the mitochondria.
Which of the lipoproteins has the highest content of TAG?
Chylomicrons
Which of the compounds below links the majority of metabolic pathways?
Pyruvate
In what molecular form is the majority of metabolic fuel stored?
TAG
Which of the reactions in the TCA cycle involve the formation of a carbon carbon bond
Citrate synthesis
During starvation , what is the major fuel source for the production of ketone bodies?
Fats stored in adipose tissue
