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PCS 2 > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

0
Q

Indirect cost

A

Utilities
Rent
Replacement of staff
Training

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1
Q

Direct Cost

A 
Salaries
Hospitalization
Outpatient visit
Procedures and test
Meds
Devices and supplies
Services
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2
Q

Intangible cost

A

Pain and suffering

Missing work because of a disease

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3
Q

Cost Benefit Analysis

A

Output and input in dollars

Answers how much dollars per output are received for each dollar of input

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4
Q

Cost Minimization Analysis

A

Has to have same effectiveness
Outcome is in dollars
Answers which alternative intervention is least costly with equivalent outcomes

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5
Q

Cost Effectiveness Analysis

A

Can have differing effectiveness and outcomes (side effects)
Answers which of the alternative interventions can achieve the best outcomes at lowest input cost (greatest success per dollar)

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6
Q

Cost Utility Analysis

A

Outcome is dollars of cost per additional quality life years

Answers which alternative intervention provides the greatest quality adjusted life years

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7
Q

Four domains of quality of life

A

Physical status
Psychological status
Social status
Economic/Financial status

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8
Q

Pharmacoeconomics Steps

A 
Absolute risk
Absolute risk reduction
Relative risk
Relative risk reduction
Number to be treated
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9
Q

Absolute risk calculations

A

Disease/total

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10
Q

Absolute risk reduction

A

Drug absolute risk - standard of care absolute risk

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11
Q

Relative risk calculations

A

Drug absolute risk/standard of care absolute risk

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12
Q

Relative risk reduction calculation

A

AR of standard of care - AR of drug / AR of standard of care

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13
Q

Need to treat calculation

A

1/absolute risk reduction (step 2)

Want the number to be as close to 1 as possible

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14
Q

Ro

A

Basic reproduction number

Number of secondary infection that come from one contact point

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15
Q

Quality improvement

A

Make sure the design, develop and implement are effective and efficient

What can we do to improve and avoids blame

16
Q

Quality assessment

A

What went wrong and who’s fault is it?

17
Q

Total quality management

A

Continuously improving quality
Customer focus
Continuous improvement
Teamwork

18
Q

Continuous quality management

A

Remove unnecessary activity and variation
Improving efficiency and quality over time
One problem at a time

19
Q

Root cause analyze

A

Serious adverse events analyzes

System based

20
Q

Process of QI

A 
ID issue
Build a team
Define the problem
Choose a target- interventions
Test change
Reconsider
21
Q

Pharmacy opportunities in QI

A 
Improving med adherence 
Monitoring high risk drug pts
Reduce unnecessary events
Utilize appropriate therapy
Reduce mistakes
Implement preventative healthcare measures
Measure outcomes of new
22
Q

Pharmacy informatics

A

Use of technology within healthcare systems to access, store, analyze and disseminate med related data and to optimize outcomes

23
Q

Economics

A

Study of how individuals and societies allocate their limited resources

24
Q

Demand

A

Willingness and ability to pay the price

25
Q

Need

A

Amount of care based on perception of a medical person

Independent of price, income and insurance coverage

26
Q

Prudent buyer

A

Make decisions based on how much money they have to spend

27
Q

Input

A

Pharmacist time in money
Computer system cost
Facility rental/costs

28
Q

Outputs

A

Better cure rate
Reduce length of care
Less side effects

29
Q

Discounting

A

Time value of money

30
Q

Sensitivity

A

How much change is results with minor changes in inputs

31
Q

Recurring

A

Benefits that continue too reoccur over time

32
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of distribution of a disease or a condition in human populations and the factors that influence that distribution

33
Q

Pharmacoepidemiology

A

Study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers of people

PCS 2 (1 decks)

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