Test 2- Water, Chemistry, Density

Question 1

Bonds of water

Answer 1

Covalent, polar, & hydrogen

Question 2

How many phases of water? Why?

Answer 2

3. different levels of energy/heat

Question 3

Threshold

Answer 3

max or min energy needed to change phase

Question 4

Freezing point of seawater

Answer 4

~ -2 C

Question 5

Why is freezing point lower?

Answer 5

added salt lowers F.P.

Question 6

How to increase surface area?

Answer 6

blow or stir- allows water to cool faster

Question 7

Heat of vaporization

Answer 7

unusually high

Question 8

Heat capacity

Answer 8

high

Question 9

Why heat capacity?

Answer 9

takes a lot of energy to break bonds. always moving-transfers heat

Question 10

Surface tension

Answer 10

high

Question 11

Why surface tension?

Answer 11

hydrogen bond

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

climb itself- capillary

Question 13

Adhesion

Answer 13

climb glass

Question 14

Viscosity

Answer 14

resistance to motion

Question 15

What does viscosity do?

Answer 15

prevents plankton from sinking

Question 16

Water ___ very compressible

Answer 16

is not

Question 17

Density ___ with increasing temp

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

Density ___ with increasing salt

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

Densest?

Answer 19

cold & salty

Question 20

Least dense?

Answer 20

fresh & warm

Question 21

Universal ___

Answer 21

solvent

Question 22

Water is transparent to what light?

Answer 22

visible

Question 23

Water absorbs what light? What does it allow?

Answer 23

UV. allows sensitive organisms to live near the surface

Question 24

Wavelength of red & blue?

Answer 24

red: long
blue: short

Question 25

What color does water absorb first?

Answer 25

red

Question 26

Water transmits sound ___

Answer 26

well

Question 27

What is sound used for?

Answer 27

echosounders measure depth

bioacoustics measure animal abundance

Question 28

Benefit of being red in deep sea

Answer 28

appear when biolum flashes- dont need to produce light of your own

Question 29

Units on salinity measurement

Answer 29

PSU ( partial salinity unit) - ppmil (part per million)

Question 30

1st major ion

Answer 30

55% Na+

Question 31

2nd major ion

Answer 31

31% Cl-

Question 32

3rd major ion

Answer 32

8% SO4 2- (sulfate)

Question 33

4th major ion

Answer 33

4% Mg 2+

Question 34

5th major ion

Answer 34

1% Ca 2+

Question 35

6th major ion

Answer 35

1% K+

Question 36

Every ____ ____ ___ is found in seawater

Answer 36

naturally occurring element

Question 37

Salt comes from where?

Answer 37

weathering rock on land- cation

interior of earth- anion

Question 38

Weathering was ___ in the beginning

Answer 38

faster

Question 39

Why sand samples matter?

Answer 39

interstitial spaces- what can live there

how much water can the sediment hold

Question 40

How long has the concentration remained steady?

Answer 40

1.5 billion years

Question 41

Ubiquitous

Answer 41

bacteria - co2

Question 42

neritic

Answer 42

water over continental shelf

Question 43

pelagic

Answer 43

open water off the continental shelf

Question 44

benthic

Answer 44

bottom water (no more depth)

Question 45

demersal

Answer 45

organisms that are just off or the near the bottom

Question 46

pH

Answer 46

8.2

Question 47

density

Answer 47

measure of salinity, temp, & pressure

Question 48

pac ice

Answer 48

permanent ice

Question 49

lead

Answer 49

open space- cracks in pac ice

Question 50

seasonal ice

Answer 50

ice that grows & shrinks w/ seasons

Question 51

polynia

Answer 51

open patch - pancake ice

Question 52

average depth

Answer 52

3800 m

Question 53

average photoic zone

Answer 53

200 m

Question 54

NADW

Answer 54

North Atlantic Deep Water

Question 55

O2 min

Answer 55

lower amount of oxygen, high respiration

Question 56

O2 max

Answer 56

high amount of oxygen, high production