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History > Test 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Test 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

having no border with ocean or sea

A

landlocked

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2
Q

space people use to travel through a mountain range

A

passes

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3
Q

referring to a body of water wide and deep enough for a ship to pass through

A

navigable

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4
Q

trees that lose their leaves in the fall

A

deciduous

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5
Q

referring to evergreen trees that have their seeds in cones

A

coniferous

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6
Q

cold dry winter wind from the north that strike southern France

A

mistral

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7
Q

hot winds from Africa that blows across Southern Europe

A

sirocco

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8
Q

referring to the ancient civilizations of greece and rome

A

classical

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9
Q

independent political unit that includes a city and the surrounding area

A

city-state

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10
Q

from of limited government in which power rests with the people and all citizens share in running the government

A

democracy

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11
Q

government in which people choose their leaders

A

republic

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12
Q

all powerful ruler

A

emperor

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13
Q

head of the Roman Catholic Church

A

pope

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14
Q

political and social system in which kings give land to nobles in exchange for the nobles provided military service as knights for the king

A

feudalism

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15
Q

country formed by people who share a common culture and history

A

nation state

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16
Q

one complete circuit around the sun; sweeping stage

A

revolution

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17
Q

mass killing of 6 million European Jews by Germany’s Nazi leaders during WWII

A

holocaust

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18
Q

System of government in which the government controls the ways of producing goods

A

communism

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19
Q

people with a common language, history, religion, and some physical traits

A

ethnic group

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20
Q

country where the government is the main provider for the sick, needy, and the retired

A

welfare state

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21
Q

the average number of children born to each woman

A

fertility rate

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22
Q

growth of cities

A

urbanization

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23
Q

non-religious

A

secular

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24
Q

form of government in which a monarch is the head of state, but elected officials run the government

A

Constitutional monarchy

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25
Q

form of government in which voters elect representatives to a law making body called parliament and the members of parliament vote for an official called the prime minister to head the government

A

Parliamentary Democracy

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26
Q

plants partly decayed in water which can be dried and burned for fuel

A

peat

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27
Q

low swampy areas

A

bog

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28
Q

measure of how much work a person produces in a set amount of time

A

productivity

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29
Q

spring of water heated by molten rock inside the earth, that from time to time shoots hot water into the air

A

geyser

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30
Q

narrow, u-shaped coastal valley with steep sides formed by the action of glaciers

A

fjord

31
Q

electricity produced by natural underground sources of steam

A

geothermal energy

32
Q

focusing on certain economic activities to make the best use of resources

A

specialization

33
Q

areas of business that include making computers and other products with sophisticated engineering

A

high technology industry

34
Q

accepting 2 official languages, able to speak 2 languages

A

bilingual

35
Q

reclaimed wetlands that use a system of dykes and pumps to keep out the seas waters

A

polder

36
Q

a company that has locations in more than one country

A

multinational company

37
Q

the act of being brought back together

A

reunification

38
Q

refusal to take sides in a war between other countries

A

neutrality

39
Q

agriculture that conserves water and uses crops and growing methods suited to semi-arid environments

A

dry farming

40
Q

having independence from another country

A

autonomy

41
Q

special payment made by a government to support a particular group or industry

A

subsidy

42
Q

economic system in which the GOVERNMENT decides how much resources are used and what goods and services are provided

A

command economy

43
Q

economic system in which INDIVIDUALS make decisions how much resources are used and what goods and services are provided

A

market economy

44
Q

mineral salt used in making fertilizer

A

potash

45
Q

forcing people from 1 ethnic or religious group to leave an area so that it can be used by another group

A

ethnic cleansing

46
Q

oil, natural gas, or coal, which are an important part of the world’s energy supply

A

fossil fuel

47
Q

wood of evergreen trees often used in building and making furniture

A

softwood

48
Q

system of roads and railroads that allow the transport of materials

A

infrastructure

49
Q

permanently frozen lower layers of soil found in the tundra in sub-arctic climate zones

A

permafrost

50
Q

a large coniferous forest

A

taiga

51
Q

thick layer of smoke and chemicals

A

smog

52
Q

chemical in smoke particles that cause pollution

A

pollutant

53
Q

person who moves to another area to spread his or her religion

A

missionary

54
Q

title given to the emperors of Russia’s past

A

czar

55
Q

farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with land

A

serf

56
Q

country whose government has strong control over the economy and society as a whole

A

communist state

57
Q

a system in which small farms are combined into huge state run enterprises with work done by mechanized techniques in the hopes of making farming more efficient and reducing the need for farm workers

A

collectivization

58
Q

period from about 1947 until 1991 when the US and the Soviet Union engaged in a political struggle for world influence but did not fight each other

A

Cold War

59
Q

policy of political openness in the Soviet Union that allowed people to speak freely about the country’s problems

A

Glasnost

60
Q

policy of economic restructuring in the Soviet Union that calls for less government control of the economy.

A

perestroika

61
Q

action in which a group of individuals seizes control of a government

A

coup

62
Q

passing stories by word of mouth from generation to generation

A

oral tradition

63
Q

taking control of an industry or company by a government

A

nationalism

64
Q

having independence from another country

A

autonomy

65
Q

transfer of ownership of business from the government to individuals

A

privatization

66
Q

part of society that is neither very rich nor poor but has enough money to buy cars, new clothing, electronics, and luxury items

A

middle class

67
Q

situation that rises when a worker must take a job that requires less skill than her or she possesses

A

underemployment

68
Q

person who receives regular payments from the government because he or she is too old or sick to work

A

pensioner

69
Q

manufacturer of goods, such as machinery, mining equipment, and steel

A

heavy industry

70
Q

a manufacturer of consumer goods such as clothing, shoes, furniture, and household items.

A

light industry

71
Q

order issued by a leader that has the force of the law

A

decree

72
Q

member of a small ruling group that holds great power

A

oligarch

73
Q

government plan that promises to repay people who deposit their money in a bank in the bank should go out of business

A

deposit insurance

74
Q

campaign by members of an ethnic group to break away from the national government and form an independent state

A

separatist movement

History (4 decks)

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