Test 2: Utilitarianism, Deontology, & Feminist Ethics Flashcards
Which of the following was not one of the founders of utilitarianism?
a. James Mill
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. John Stuart Mill
d. Rene Descartes
d. Rene Descartes
The trolley problem is used to illustrate which of the following?
a. The complexity of calculating morality using a cost-benefit analysis.
b. The difficulty involved in making utilitarian decisions.
c. The morality of public vs. private transportation.
d. The basis of rule utilitarianism.
a. The complexity of calculating morality using a cost-benefit analysis.
According to utilitarianism which of the following is an intrinsic good?
a. Love
b. Justice
c. Pleasure
d. Power
c. Pleasure
Which of the following is not included in calculating the amount of happiness?
a. Cost
b. Intensity
c. Likelihood
d. Duration
a. Cost
According to utilitarianism which of the following is useful for evaluating the
morality of an action?
a. People’s intentions
b. The nature of the act
c. The process of accomplishing the result
d. The result
d. The result
Which of the following is not necessary to act morally according to
utilitarianism?
a. To consider all the variables involved in an action.
b. To act as the majority wishes.
c. To consider all people to be of equal value.
d. To produce a result that produces the greatest good for the greatest number.
b. To act as the majority wishes.
Rule Utilitarianism asks that we consider the consequences of each act
a. Separately.
b. According to a clear set of rules.
c. As a general practice.
d. On the greatest number.
c. As a general practice.
Jeremy Bentham’s concept of utilitarianism is simply to maximize pleasure
and:
A. avoid evil B. please the majority
C. minimize suffering D. please the minority
C. minimize suffering
An ethical system that judges an action based its CONSEQUENCES:
A. virture-based B. Deontological
C. action-based D. Teleological
D. Teleological
Jeremy Bentham invented this scheme to measure pleasure and pain to assist in
making proper decisions. He called it:
A. pleasure tester B. hedonic calculus
C. consequence calculus D. pleasure measure
B. hedonic calculus
Utilitarians and Consequentialists seem to provide a very strong philosophical
justification for the notion that we have obligations to which of the following?
A. future generations B. termites
C. ourselves D. those in our family
A. future generations
A form of utilitarianism that focuses on a set of rules that bring about the best
end:
A. rule B. critical
C. no rest D. social
A. rule
Of which kind of reasoning, Act (A) or Rule (R) Utilitarianism, are the following examples? Please fill in “A” in your answer sheet for Act Utilitarianism and “B” for Rule Utilitarianism.
Of which kind of reasoning, Act (A) or Rule (R) Utilitarianism, are the following examples? Please fill in “A” in your answer sheet for Act Utilitarianism and “B” for Rule Utilitarianism.
If everyone cut in that line, then there would be chaos and that would be bad, so
I ought not cut in the line but go to the end.
R (B)
I ought to get more sleep because if I don’t I will be no good to myself or others
(A)
We ought to observe copyright rules because if we did not then no one’s
intellectual property would be safe and this would be a very bad outcome
R (B)
What is the name of the basic principle of utilitarianism? How is it supposed to
be useful in determining what I ought to do?
It is called either “The Greatest Happiness Principle” or “The Principle of Utility.” We are supposed to consider the likely results of our actions (or practices, if rule utilitarianism), and then choose that with the greatest net overall good.
When is something considered instrumentally good? Provide an example.
Something is instrumentally good when its goodness is determined by its usefulness in producing or bringing about something else. An example of an instrumentally good item is money. It is not good in and of itself, but it’s good because of what it can bring about.
Label as the better choice on utilitarian calculations, A or B, using a scale of -10 (very painful) to +10 (very pleasurable) for degrees of pleasure or happiness.
Label as the better choice on utilitarian calculations, A or B, using a scale of -10 (very painful) to +10 (very pleasurable) for degrees of pleasure or happiness.
A makes 10 people very happy and 2 people very unhappy,
B makes 8 people moderately happy and 1 person mildly unhappy
A
A will bring 5 people each 8 days of pleasure and 3 people each 2 days of pain
B will bring 8 people each 3 days of pleasure and 1 person 3 days of pain.
A
The reason that Mill believes pleasure is the only intrinsic good is because he
believes it is the only thing that everyone desires for its own sake
True
Utilitarianism is an egoistic moral theory
False
The following is an example of the reasoning of a rule utilitarian: “If the practice
of lying is bad, then one ought not to lie now, even if in this case to lie would
actually bring about better consequences.”
True