(Test 2) Threat Fundamentals

Question 1

List the capabilities associated with 4th gen fighters

Answer 1

Multi-mode PD radar, some PESA
Analogue Fly By wire
Look Down - Shoot Down
Semi integrated avionics

Question 2

List the capabilities associated with 5th gen fighters

Answer 2

AESA radars
Thrust vector control
Fully integrated avionics
Low observable

Question 3

Describe the FSU model of radar control of fighters

Answer 3

FSU Model: Close control

See slide 20 for 2 additional answers

Question 4

Define launch acceptability region table variable Rkin

Answer 4

Rkin: Missile’s raw, kinematic (or aerodynamic) range.

Question 5

Define launch acceptability region table variable Rmax

Answer 5

Rmax: The max displayed missile employment range and the missile’s max FC launch permit range.

Question 6

Define launch acceptability region table variable Rmax2

Answer 6

Rmax2: Refers to a heart of the envelope shot that accounts for some evasive maneuvers by the target at endgame

Question 7

Define launch acceptability region table variable A-pole

Answer 7

A-pole is the distance from launching aircraft to target when a missile begins active guidance.

Question 8

Define launch acceptability region table variable F-pole

Answer 8

The range between launcher and the target at time of semiactive missile (SAR) endgame/impact

Question 9

Define launch acceptability region table variable E-pole

Answer 9

Epole is no escape range. min range from a threat that an out maneuver (7 G, level drag to tail) will kinematically defeat missile launched

Question 10

First Launch Opportunity (FLO) based on 3 primary factors

Answer 10

AI Radar lock on range
Missile lock on range (for active AAM, limitation to Apole)
Missile kinematics
*limited by smallest value

Question 11

Describe (illustrate) the missile guidance schemes used by radar SAM Systems: Command Guidance

Answer 11

Ground radar provides missile steering commands

Question 12

Describe (illustrate) the missile guidance schemes used by radar SAM Systems: Semiactive Radar Homing

Answer 12

The SAR missile homes in on energy reflected off the target

Question 13

Describe (illustrate) the missile guidance schemes used by radar SAM Systems: Active Homing

Answer 13

A seeker onboard the missile tracks the target

Question 14

Identify crossrange information when provided a 3-1 SAM engagement diagram

Answer 14

Range missile can intercept targets with lateral offset

See slide 78

Question 15

Describe radar SAM acquisition radar purpose and configuration

Answer 15

Find the target aircraft and fix in 3-D space.

Can be offboard or onboard cueing.

Question 16

Define the term min intercept range

Answer 16

Minimum intercept range: min range missile can guide and successfully fuze

Question 17

Define the term max recommended intercept range

Answer 17

Max recommended intercept range: Max range the system was designed to intercept a target. Advertised maximum range (operator, fire control system, etc)

Question 18

Define the term max intercept range

Answer 18

Max range a missile can intercept a target

Question 19

List Directed Energy target Sets.

Answer 19

Low power lasers create “in-band” effects against sensors; targets include the human eye, EO, and IR sensors.

Question 20

List the three classes of GPS jamming techniques and identify the intended effect of each technique.

Question 21

Identify typical target sets for radar jammers.

Answer 21

Noise Jamming – RF energy transmitted to interfere with the radars gain and, therefore, diminish its ability to breakout a target.

Deception Jamming – RF energy transmitted to insert false information and, therefore, deceive the victim radar or operator.

Question 22

List and describe the three types of ADA fire.

Answer 22

Barrage fire – Cloud of fire in the sky across various altitudes and flight paths. Not designed to kill. Intent is to force aircraft into a better engagement area. Most likely type of fire at night.

Curtain fire – Most effective form of employing SA and automatic weapons. Aimed at fixed point ahead of predicted flight path. Fire until target is destroyed or out of range.

Aimed fire – Most controlled. Preferred when target can be acquired and tracked. Attempt to fire at nearest threat until destroyed or out of range.

Question 23

List the five categories of ADA, to include the associated caliber and describe characteristics associated.

Answer 23

Small arms / automatic weapons (< 12.7mm)—High cyclic rates of fire, then tracer paths, no self-destruct.

Heavy machine gun (12.7 mm – 14.5 mm)–High rate of fire, typically optically directed.

Light AAA (20mm – 25mm)—High cyclic rates of fire, self-destruct projectiles.

Medium AAA (30mm – 40mm)—Most can be radar-aimed, air burst / self-destruct munitions.

Heavy AAA (57mm and above)—Slow rate of fire, air burst / self-destruct munitions.

Question 24

Define ADA tactical range.

Answer 24

The slant range at which a nonmaneuvering fighter can expect to receive fire from a particular gun with a high Ph.

Question 25

Describe the flight profile of IR SAMS.

Answer 25

Direct ascent, pro-nav

Question 26

Describe employment limitations for IR SAMS.

Answer 26

IR seeker acquisition limits range in the forward hemisphere.

Missile kinematics limit range in the rear hemisphere.

Question 27

List the capabilities associated with 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th gen IR SAM systems; give an example of each.

Answer 27

1st – Tail aspect only, no IRCCM; SA-7
2nd – All aspect, no IRCCM; SA-14
3rd – All-aspect, IRCCM; SA-18
4th – All-aspect, IRCCM; CSA-10
5th – All-aspect, digital processing, IRCCM; QW-4