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PHI 111: Philo, Test 2 > Test 2: The Self and Free Will > Flashcards

Test 2: The Self and Free Will Flashcards

1
Q

According to Plato, the soul is not capable of knowing the Forms.

A

False

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2
Q

Descartes believed the self was dualistic.

A

True

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3
Q

Descartes believed the self was dualistic.

A

True

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4
Q

Materialism is the view that the universe is explainable in terms of physical laws.

A

True

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5
Q

Belief in indeterminism allows people to choose their spiritual destiny.

A

True

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6
Q

Belief in libertarianism allows people to avoid responsibility for their actions.

A

False

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7
Q

External constraints are the limitations to our autonomy imposed by ourselves.

A

False

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8
Q

Internal constraints are the limitations imposed by our environment/circumstances.

A

False

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9
Q

Phenomenologists argue that the self is purely physical.

A

False

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10
Q

Empiricism is the epistemological view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge.

A

True

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11
Q

Rationalism is the epistemological view that reason and sense experience provide knowledge.

A

True

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12
Q

Eliminative materialists argue that the self consists of mental and physical components.

A

False

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13
Q

Phenomenology attempts to clarify our understanding of experience and how we experience the world.

A

True

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14
Q

Kant argues that the self transcends the senses and unifies our experiences.

A

True

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15
Q

Churchland believed a new neuroscience vocabulary will enable us to communicate clearly about consciousness and human experience.

A

True

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16
Q

Belief in determinism prevents people from becoming better persons.

A

True

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17
Q

Freedom is the ability to do what one wants.

A

False

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18
Q

To increase personal freedom, one must confront external and internal constraints, thus creating options from which to choose.

A

True

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19
Q

Belief in compatibilism prevents people from participating in a revolution.

A

False

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20
Q

Belief in compatibilism prevents people from participating in a revolution.

A

False

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21
Q

Dennett argues that freedom is an objective phenomenon distinct to humans.

A

True

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22
Q

Psychic coercion is an internal constraint that compromises one’s autonomy and limits one’s personal freedom.

A

True

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23
Q

Psychic coercion is an internal constraint that compromises one’s autonomy and limits one’s personal freedom.

A

True

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24
Q

Of the following, Socrates believed what about the soul?

A

It is immortal.

25
Q

According to Plato, the soul consists of:

A

All of the above (reason, physical appetite, and spirit)

26
Q

According to Descartes, what is the manner in which to seek truth?

A

method of doubt

27
Q

According to Descartes, the soul is governed by:

A

A and B (God and laws of reason)

28
Q

According to Descartes, the soul is governed by:

A

A and B (God and laws of reason)

29
Q

According to Locke, the mind is a(n):

A

tabula rasa

30
Q

According to Locke, the mind is a(n):

A

tabula rasa

31
Q

Who argued that there is no self?

A

Hume

32
Q

Who argued that we construct the self?

A

Kant

33
Q

Who argued that mental states are brain states?

A

Churchland

34
Q

The Buddhist conception of anatta includes all of the following elements except:

A

permanence

35
Q

Churchland argued that _______ will be eliminated once advances in neuroscience develop a vocabulary that will enable us to be objective about consciousness and human experience.

A

folk psychology

36
Q

Of the following, our beliefs about freedom effect:

A

all of above (our ability to change and grow as a person, our ability to develop a moral outlook, and our ability to participate in a fair and just society.

37
Q

Of the following, our beliefs about freedom effect:

A

all of above (our ability to change and grow as a person, our ability to develop a moral outlook, and our ability to participate in a fair and just society.

38
Q

The view that freedom is an illusion and every event in the universe, including human actions, is brought about by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:

A

determinism

39
Q

According to d’Holbach’s view, if you decide to commit suicide, what would this demonstrate regarding freedom?

A

Nothing. Mental disturbances can cause self-destructive behavior.

40
Q

Who argued that determinism cannot account for “the testimony of our direct, lived experience?”

A

James

41
Q

Who believed that “we are condemned to be free,” i.e. we are absolutely responsible to create our own meaningful existence.

A

Sartre.

42
Q

The view of freedom that argues that some human actions are free if they are a result of internal motivations and not the product of external causes or influences is:

A

compatibilism

43
Q

The view of freedom that claims that some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:

A

indeterminism

44
Q

The view of freedom that claims that some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:

A

indeterminism

45
Q

The view of freedom that argues that humans are able to make authentically free choices that are not determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe or by any internal constraints is:

A

libertarianism

46
Q

Logically, belief in determinism…

A

prevents people from becoming better/worse persons

47
Q

To increase personal freedom, one must ______, thus creating options from which to choose.

A

confront external and internal constraints

48
Q

To increase personal freedom, one must ______, thus creating options from which to choose.

A

confront external and internal constraints

49
Q

The soul is the self and it is immortal.

A

Socrates

50
Q

The self is personal identity, which requires consciousness of constantly perceiving self-connected by memories.

A

Locke

51
Q

The self is the unity of mental and physical, a natural synthesis that forms our experience.

A

Merleau-Ponty

52
Q

The self is the “transcendental unifying principle of consciousness.”

A

Kant

53
Q

The self consists of an immaterial soul and a material body. They do not interact.

A

Descartes

54
Q

The self consists of an immaterial soul and a material body. They do not interact.

A

Descartes

55
Q

Some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events.

A

Compatibilism

56
Q

Humans are able to make authentically free choices that are not determined by previous events.

A

Slavery

57
Q

Every event, including human actions, is caused by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe.

A

Determinism

58
Q

This view leads to the logical conclusion that no one can be blamed for any evil they may commit (murder, rape, theft)

A

Determinism

59
Q

All events, including human actions are caused. However, some human actions are free if they are a result of internal motivations.

A

Libertarianism

PHI 111: Philo, Test 2 (1 decks)

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