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Periodontology II > Test 2 Systemic Diseases > Flashcards

Test 2 Systemic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension

A 
Asymptomatic
Detected in dental offices
Normal 120/80
Defer treatment at 160/100
Avoid epinephrine 
Orthostatic hypotension- postural hypotension
Xerostomia effects
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2
Q

Coronary artery disease

A 
Atherosclerosis
Angina pectoris-> nitroglycerin 
Myocardial infarction: defer treatment for 6 mo. 
Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
-nifedipine (procardia)
-gingival growth
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3
Q

Valvar heart disease

A 
Infective endocarditis
-valvular stenosis or insufficiency
-bacteremia
-pre med
Murmurs
-innocent/functional
-Rheumatic fever
Mitral valve prolapse
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4
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia

A

Irregular heart beat, defibrillators to treat, sometimes treated with pacemakers (know if shielded), medications to treat cause xerostomia (disopyramide, diltiazem and verapamil: gingival enlargement, mexiletine and quinidine can cause neutropenia)

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5
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to supply body with oxygenated blood, patient should be seated in an upright position, elective dental treatment should not be performed on these patients, stabilized condition needs to be established.

Anticoagulants
-heparin or warfarin (counadin)

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6
Q

Type one diabetes

A

Lack of insulin production due to destroyed pancreatic beta cells causing total insulin deficiency. I don’t noon. Without insulin the sugar stays in the bloodstream instead of the cells, causing diabetes

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7
Q

Type two diabetes

A

The body produces an insufficient amount of insulin or the body cells ignore the insulin and fail to use it to bring glucose into the body cells

Diet, medications

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8
Q

Types of cardiovascular disease

A

Hypertension, coronary artery disease, valvar heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure

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9
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Type one (insulin dependent), type two, increased risk for infections including periodontal disease, hypoglycemic reaction

Greek word meaning like honey or sweet. Referenced the sweet smell often associated with diabetes

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10
Q

Pregnancy gingivitis

A

Reaction to plaque from increased levels of estrogen and progesterone

Increased levels of sex hormones can promote the growth of P intermedia

Increases risk of develop periodontal disease

Meticulous oral hygiene

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11
Q

Viral hepatitis causes inflammation of what

A

The liver

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12
Q

Transmission for type a hepatitis

A

Food

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13
Q

Transmission for Type b hepatitis

A

Serum

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14
Q

Transmission for type C hepatitis

A

Serum

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15
Q

Transmission for a type D hepatitis

A

Serum

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16
Q

Transmission for type e hepatitis

A

Water

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17
Q

HIV and AIDS

A

Blood transmission, flulike symptoms during initial exposure, suppression of helper T cells make patient susceptible to fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Epstein-Barr virus. Hairy leukoplakia HIV to aids in 36 months. Nug/nup

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18
Q

Herpes Symplex

A

HSV 1
HSV 2
Virus my grades along branches of sensory nerves. Will remain latent in ganglion until stimulated. Lesions on tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva. Rapid onset and painful

19
Q

Human papillomavirus

A

65 sub types of HPV, 11 affect oral epithelium. Subtype six and 11 associated with oral wart type. Subtype 16 associated with squamous cell carcinoma. All changes in tissue should be evaluated for pathology

20
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Common type of skin cancer, can turn into HPV

21
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Associated with AIDS. HPV #8

22
Q

Lichen planus

A

Most common type: reticular (spider webby). Wickmans striae

23
Q

Blood disorders (disgracia)

A

Aplastic anemia – bone marrow
Agranulocytosis – PMN’s destroyer
Cyclic neutropenia – not enough white blood cells
Leukemia – reduction of white blood cells and platelets

24
Q

What is insulin

A

A hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy for the body to use

25
Q

What body parts does diabetes affect

A

Eyes, kidneys, and nerves

26
Q

Prevalence of type one diabetes

A

Type one accounts for approximately 10% of all diagnosed cases. Can occur at any age but most common before age 30

27
Q

Treatment of type one diabetes

A

Diet, exercise, home blood glucose monitoring and daily insulin injections

28
Q

Treatment for type two diabetes

A

Diet, exercise, home glucose monitoring, medication or insulin injections – 40%

29
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Occurs during pregnancy and women that do not have previous diabetes. Body does not use or make enough insulin needed during pregnancy. Usually disappears after pregnancy. Affects approximately 4% of pregnant women.

30
Q

Prevalence of just stational diabetes

A

Affects approximately 4% of pregnant women. Women who experience just stational diabetes have a 20 to 50% greater chance of developing diabetes in the next 5 to 10 years

31
Q

What is the controlled blood glucose levels

A

70-130 mg/dL

32
Q

Risks of uncontrolled diabetes

A

Increased levels of developing acute periodontal abscesses, more aggressive or extensive attachment loss and more progressive or rapid bone loss

33
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Increased glucose in cervicular fluid and blood. Bacteria thrive on sugar, which may result in altered bacterial composition within the plaque and influence the development of perio disease

34
Q

PMN function in uncontrolled diabetes

A

Reduced PMN function, impairs host offense. Ineffective chemotaxis. PMNs our first line of defense, reduced PMN function allow bacteria count to greatly multiply.

35
Q

What processes can hyperglycemia affect

A

Synthesis, maturation, and maintenance of collagen and extracellular matrix. This affect me contribute to chronic health complications associated with diabetes

36
Q

Implications for the periodotium in poorly controlled diabetes

A

2 to 3 times greater risk to develop Periodontitis. Poor response to nonsurgical Pierriel therapy; with more rapid reoccurrence of deep pockets and less favorable long-term response to Perio maintenance. A diabetic smoker who’s 45 years old or older is 20 times more likely to experience severe perio

37
Q

Implications for the dental hygienist for patient with diabetes

A

Level of diabetic control and health status should be carefully monitored. Ask patient their current glucose level and A-1 C. Emphasize the importance of careful self care at home and frequent professional care visits

Glucose level= 70-100
A1c= 4.6-6

38
Q

Three most common complications for diabetes

A

Retinopathy- eyes
Nephropathy- kidneys
Neuropathy- nerves

39
Q

Down syndrome

A

An extra chromosome is present in the 21st chromosome. 46 verses 47 chromosomes. May also be referred to as trisomy 21.

40
Q

Physical characteristics of down syndrome

A

Flat facial profile with small nose and depressed nasal bridge, upward slant to eyes with small skin folds on the inner corners, protruding tongue and open mouth, reduce degree of muscle tone – hypotonia –, wide variation of intellectual impairment. Most mild to moderate.

41
Q

Medical implications for down syndrome

A

Increased risk for congenital heart defects, infection, respiratory problems, etc.

Abnormal PNN function seen in approximately 50% of all patients with down syndrome

Sleep apnea common among individuals with down syndrome

42
Q

Implications on the periodontium for patients with Down syndrome

A

Prevalence of Perio disease ranges from 58 to 96% of young adults under 35 years old. Homecare is usually compromised, depending on level of understanding.

Evidence has shown periodic pathogens colonize the gingival tissues in very early childhood for individuals with Down syndrome

43
Q

Considerations for the dental hygienist for patient with down syndrome

A

Treatment objectives should be the same as that of a normal patient. Determine level of communication: important to develop a cooperative relationship. Often caregivers need to be consulted. Early appointments tend to work the best

Periodontology II (2 decks)

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