Test 2 - Study Guide Flashcards
The shape of the thoracic cage and lungs is
conical
Lungs are located between the
sternum and ribs surround them.
Lung landmarks:
: suprasternal notch, ‘U’ shaped depression which is above the clavicles.
trachea splits are the angle of
louis (on the chest)
mediastinum
is in the middle section of the thoracic cavity
plural space is
filled with lubricating fluid that helps keep the lungs open and has a negative pressure
right lung
3 lobes, shaped differentlyq
left lung
skinnier, 2 lobes
posterior side of lungs includes
lower lobes of lungs
anterior side of lungs includes
top and middle parts of lungs
function of the respiratory system
acid-base balance, breathing in and out CO2, maintaining heat exchange
hypoeventilation
breathing slow, shallow breathes, increases CO2 in body
tidal volume
normal in and out
vital capicity
greatest amount of air we can breathe in and out
gas exchanges decreases in
older adults
most common lung disease in children
asthma
highest burden of asthma is usually
at and below poverty (more frequent in poverty)
eupneic breathing
normal, effortless, regular rate of breathing
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
when a patient has dysphagia
more concerned that patient has aspirated something
if you feel a spleen
stop touching it because it can easily rupture
protruded abdomen is normal for young children
and is not normal for an adult or adolescent
diaphragmatic hernia
when intestines get sucked up into the thorax
what shape is expected with a diaphragmatic hernia
scaphoid- divot down shape of stomach
meconium
newborns first stool (black in color)
bloody stool indicates
lower GI bleed
black and tarry stool indicates
upper GI bleed
positive CVA tenderness indicates
inflammation of kidney
umbilical cord contains
2 arteries and 1 vein
muscles used in ventilation/breathing
diaphragm, intercostal muscles,
bad cases- sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscle
pregnant women’s thorax
wider because compressed
risk factor for developing TB
close proximities of others, airborne disease
hematopoiesis
coughing up blood
sputum- green and yellow
indicates viral infection
sputum- rust colored
indicates tuberculosis (TB)
sputum- pink or frothy
indicates pulmonary edema
if a child comes into clinic due to trouble breathing the FIRST thing to do is
assess if they have foreign substance in their body and aspirated something through and airway such as nose, mouth, throat
breathing sounds- bronchial
expiration is longer than inspiration, heard under trachea or base of neck
breathing sounds- bronchovesicular
inspiration is equal to expiration, heard on side of sternum or spine
breathing sounds- vesicular
inspiration is longer than expiration, heard in the periphery near lateral sides of body
wheezing
heard on exhalation, small passageway and air is being squeezed through to make a whistle sound
crackle
heard on inhalation, discontinuous popping sound
AP transverse diameter is ratio of
1 to 2
measure of how lungs are shaped from a fount measurement
apgar score
0 to 10 score
taken at 1 min, 5 min, 10 min after bitch
apgar assesses
heart rate, color, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex retractability
apnea
not breathing for short periods of time
normal for babies, but not adults
respiratory rate on newborn should be taken for
60 seconds
streator
obvious loud struggle to breath, heard without stethoscope
when assessing abdomen look at
contour, symmetry, belly button, pulsation, hair distribution, skin
when assessing abdomen auscultation should always be done
second because we can create extra noise and burst and abdominal aneurysm and we do not want to bust a bruit
