Test 2 Study Flashcards
Ability of the brain to change in response to experience
Plasticity
Creation of synapses
Synaptogenesis
Myelin sheaths
Covers axons and electrically insulates them to improve conductivity of the nerve
Ossidication
Bones hardening
What cause stamina in children
Lung development (age 2)
What do preterm babies require?
Special formulas that contain amino acids and fats that full-term babies can make on their own
Kwashiorker
Not enough protein
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome; 0-1yr; common when babies sleep on stomach; smoking; myelination progresses at a slower rate
Salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami
Five basic flavors
Senses of touch and motion
Best developed, reflexes-rooting
Habituation
A decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus has become familiar
Dishabituation
Responding to a somewhat familiar stimulus as if it were new
Sensorimotor stage
Came from piaget, when infants use information from their senses and motor actions to learn about the world
Means to and end behavior
Sub stage 4; 8-12 months. Purposeful behavior carried out in pursuit of a specific goal
Tertiary circular reactions
Sub stage 5; 12-18 months. Experimental quality; different facial expression to get reaction, drop toys from different heights to hear the change in sound, etc.
Schematic learning
Organization of experiences into expectancies, which enable infants to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar stimuli
Schemas
Expectancies
Subordinates
Broad generalizations into categories
Hierarchical categorization
More in depth categorizing
Operant conditioning- skinner’s view
Language development begins with babbling; makes sounds similar to a word, gets praise, and makes sound/says word again
LAD
Language acquisition device- language processor that contains the best grammatical structure of all human language
Infant directed speech
Help infants learn language better, repeat a lot of minor variations,
Dan slobin
Babies are pre-programmed to pay attention to beginnings and endings of strings and sounds and to stressed sounds
Babbling
Occurs 6-12 months, intonation occurs (change of pitch/tone), babble sounds they hear (9-10 months)
Telegraphic speech
Simple two-word sentences that usually include a noun and a verb
Freud’s psychosocial stages
Oral fixation, symbiotic relationship
Symbiotic relationship
Mother + young infant act as one, receive mutual benefit
Harlow monkey studies
Nourishment does not equal attachment
Synchrony
A mutual, interlocking pattern of attachment behaviors shared by parent and child, how baby/parent respond to eachother
Stranger anxiety
Starts 6 to 8 months, ends with first birthday
Secure attachment
Prefers mother over stranger
Depressed mother
Babies nurse less
Easy temperament
Easy children: 40% of infants; approach new events positively, predictable sleeping eating patterns, happy, easily adjust to change
