Test 2 Semester 2

Question 1

Newton’s first law

Answer 1

inertia

Question 2

Newton’s second law

Answer 2

F = ma

Question 3

Newton’s third law

Answer 3

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 4

velocity formula

Answer 4

velocity = acceleration times time

Question 5

acceleration formula

Answer 5

acceleration is equal to the difference between the initial and final velocities, divided by the time,

Question 6

density formula

Answer 6

density = mass/volume

Question 7

properties of matter

Answer 7

solid liquid gas

Question 8

When concrete is used for foundations and roads, it nearly always has steel rods embedded in it. These rods are called reinforcing bars, or re-bar, for short. See if you can use the properties of steel and concrete to explain why concrete nearly always has rebar in it.

Answer 8

Rebar, or reinforcing bar, is a common feature of many concrete applications. Its primary purpose is to increase the tensile strength of the concrete, helping it resist cracking and breaking.

Question 9

Describe some physical properties that architects and engineers involved in the construction of new buildings and roads should know about.

Answer 9

Electrical conductivity & compressive strength

Question 10

What does the Greek term telos mean?

Answer 10

an end, fulfillment, completion, goal or aim
Describe the basic features of Aristotle’s ideas about motion. the motion of physical bodies is of two types: natural motion and violent motion

Question 11

Describe Galileo’s new theory of motion, including his breakthrough ideas.

Answer 11

An object in a state of motion possesses an ``inertia’’ that causes it to remain in that state of motion unless an external force acts on it

Question 12

Why was Galileo put on trial, and what was the outcome?

Answer 12

Galileo Is Convicted and Forced to Recant His Work

Question 13

State two of Isaac Newton’s accomplishments in theoretical physics.

Answer 13

Laws of motion and gravity

Question 14

state of motion

Answer 14

the other state of motion to consider is when an object is moving with a changing velocity, which means a change in the speed and/or the direction of motion. This type of motion is addressed by Newton’s second law of motion, which states how force causes changes in motion.

Question 15

listing each of the 16 physical properties

Answer 15

Hardness
Brittleness
Malleability
Ductility
Strength
Elasticity
Tensile strength
Compressive strength
Shear Strength
Electrical conductivity
Thermal conductivity
Melting point
Boiling point
density

Question 16

four phases of matter are

Answer 16

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 17

What is the physical meaning of the temperature known as absolute zero?

Answer 17

zero kelvin

Question 18

Why is the Kelvin temperature scale needed in scientific study?

Answer 18

kelvin measures energy

Question 19

incompressible substance

Answer 19

a substance whose specific volume (or density) is constant

Question 20

barometer

Answer 20

an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.

Question 21

Relationships between volume, temperature, and pressure

Answer 21

the ideal gas law.