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test questions of chemistryof living things and cell structure test questions > test 2 review questions > Flashcards

test 2 review questions Flashcards

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1
Q

what to know about a chemical

A

does it dissolve in water

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2
Q

what is dissolve

A

surrounded by water molecules one molecule surrounded by many water molecules

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3
Q

question for acid or bases

A

does it dissolve in water

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4
Q

what happens if you are over based or over acid

A

disease state

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5
Q

what is an acid

A

a substance that when you dissolve in water releases hydrogen ion H for hydrogen+1electrical charge

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6
Q

what is a base

A

a substance that releases a hydrozide ion when released in water releases OH-1

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7
Q

what is OH-1

A

Oxygen Hydrogen -1 electrical charge

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8
Q

how do ions get their name

A

because they have an electrical charge treat like math

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9
Q

What is Na

A

sodium

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10
Q

what is sodium by itself and what is its reaction to water

A

extremely reactive, will burn under water, keep in mineral salt

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11
Q

what is NaOH

A

drain cleaner,

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12
Q

what is CL

A

gas-chlorine

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13
Q

what is hydocloric acid

A

concrete stain remover

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14
Q

what happens when you combine NaOH+HCL

A

water and tsbl salt table salt

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15
Q

is oxygen bigger than hydrogen

A

yes

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16
Q

H2O

A

2 hydrogen and oxygen

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17
Q

what is an acid

A

anything that donates a proton

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18
Q

what is a base

A

anything that acceps a proton

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19
Q

what is sodium by itself

A

metal

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20
Q

chlorine by itself

A

a gas

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21
Q

sodium hydrozide

A

strong base in liquid

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22
Q

hydrcloric acid

A

stong acid in liquid

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23
Q

whar is sodium hydrozide and hydrochloric acid together

A

table salt

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24
Q

what is potassium chloride

A

salt

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25
Q

salt free seasonings

A

has potasium chloride

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26
Q

ph

A

pure number no unit s0-14

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27
Q

what is the value of Ph7

A

water,neutral

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28
Q

water for injection

A

Ph7

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29
Q

what is going down on the ph scale(lower)

A

stronger the acid

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30
Q

the higher the schale(higher)

A

stronger base

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31
Q

blood value too acidic

A

acidosis

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32
Q

blood value too basic

A

alkadosis

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33
Q

base is +

A

acid is +

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34
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

carbo is carbohnate, hydrate is water, carbon and water

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35
Q

do carbohydrates desolve in water

A

yes

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36
Q

what is the function of carbs

A

short term or immediate energy minutes to not more than a day or two burn in oxygen

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37
Q

what is the major component of organic compounds

A

contain carbons as the major component

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38
Q

how are inorganic compounds defined

A

compounds that lack carbons

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39
Q

different types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides,diasaccharides,trisaccharides, polysaccharides

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40
Q

what are monosaccharides

A

simple sugars,individual building blocks

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41
Q

name some monosaccharides

A

glucose,6 ribose,5, hexoses, fructose,and glactose

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42
Q

how are monosacchrides named

A

by the number of carbon atoms

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43
Q

how are disaccharides formed

A

when 2 monosaccharides by dehydration synthensis

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44
Q

what happens in the synthensis reaction of diasaccharides

A

a molecule is lost as the bond is made

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45
Q

name some diasaccharides

A

sucrose, lactose,

46
Q

what are isomers

A

galactose, and fructose, atoms are arranged differently , giving them different chemical properties

47
Q

what are sacharrides

A

sugar

48
Q

what is sucrose

A

glucose and fructose (cane or table sugar)

49
Q

what is lactose

A

glucouse and galactose (found in milk), maltose

50
Q

, how are diasaccharides digested

A

since diasaccharides are to large to pass through cell membranes they must be digested to their simple sugar units to be absorbed from the digestive track into the blood

51
Q

what is the decomposition process of diassacharides

A

hydrolysis, the opposite of dehydration synthensis, a water molecule is added to each bond, breaking the bond an releasing the simple sugar unit

52
Q

what are polysaccharides

A

polymers of simple sugars linked together by dehydration synthesis

53
Q

why are polysaccharides idea storage products

A

because they are fairly insoluable molecules and lack sweetness of simple and double sugars

54
Q

name 2 polysaccharides

A

starch and glycogen/ can tolerate cant tolerat cellulose

55
Q

are carbs sugars

A

yes

56
Q

is glucouse sweet

A

yes

57
Q

2 glocouse molecules hooked together

A

maltose

58
Q

glucouse and galactose

A

lactose or milk sugar

59
Q

what is lactose intolerence

A

cells cant take diasacchrides directly from the blood stream have to be broken downloose ability when finished breastmilk worth effor to make key

60
Q

sucrose and fructose use same key

A

lactose cant be broken down must be in formation key padlock

61
Q

is lactose tolerence common

A

no

62
Q

how long is storage for polysaccharides

A

2 to three days at most/ fill up on / convert to glycogen

63
Q

where does glycogn get stored

A

liver and muscle and as running cells cut one glucouse off at a time for energy

64
Q

what happens of you sont use glycgen up

A

gets converted to fat

65
Q

what are the three lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids and steriods

66
Q

what type of storage is triglycerides

A

long term, weeks months years/bears fattening up

67
Q

what is the make up of tryglicerides

A

fatty acid and glycerol

68
Q

if you dont have oxygen then

A

you dont have ater

69
Q

why dont fats dissolve in water

A

no oxygen, only carbon and water

70
Q

no oxygen equatesto

A

no water

71
Q

what do fats hook up to

A

monditriglyceride

72
Q

what happens when you takea triglyceride and replace one fatty acid with a compound that has a phosphoric acid part

A

becomes a phospholipid

73
Q

phospho

A

likes water9heas

74
Q

lipids

A

dont like water (tail) and pushes away and things that dessolve in water away

75
Q

what do phospholips make up

A

cell membranes because of their dual dissolving nature (hydrophilic heads) hydophobic tails can seperate inside from outside

76
Q

what are the functions of steriods

A

to make various harmones

77
Q

estrogen progestrone testerone-

A

cholestrol, steriods

78
Q

what is the function of carbohydrates

A

short term energy

79
Q

what makes cholestrol and what does not

A

plants do not we make cholestorl from trigllycerides

80
Q

what are building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids hooked by peptide bond

81
Q

collegen is what

A

protein, 2x4 of body keeps things in shape structural

82
Q

motor molecules

A

how muscles contract

83
Q

diffrent key are

A

all proteins

84
Q

amino acids

A

20 and 8 are essential

85
Q

how to tell the diffrence of amino acids

A

the way they hook together peptide bond

86
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

acid end of one amino acid make connection to the amino end of a diffrent amino acid

87
Q

if you have 2 amino acids hooked together by a peptide bond you have

A

di peptide three tripeptide anything else is a polypeptide

88
Q

is there a uni peptide

A

no

89
Q

proteins

A

pick and choose which amino acid comes first, second

90
Q

what are the structure of proteins

A

primary,secondary, teritary and quaternary structure

91
Q

what is the primary structure of proteins

A

the sequence of amino acids form the peptide chani

92
Q

what happens at the secondary structure of a protein

A

spirals or sheets

93
Q

what happens at the tertiary structure of a protein

A

folded up to form globular molecule can trap

94
Q

what happens at the quatenary structure

A

form into the protein two balls, join head to tail

95
Q

what are the name of the protein that serves as keys are

A

enzymes

96
Q

what is ATP

A

necleic acid

97
Q

how is atp formed

A

the cells take glucouse, burn in oxygen to generate ATP

98
Q

what do all cell process use

A

ATP

99
Q

what does the T and P stand for in ATP

A

T is tri and P is for phosphate

100
Q

what is ATP used for

A

energy

101
Q

how to know if there are living thing

A

does it use ATP

102
Q

what are cell membranes made of

A

phospolipid by layer with proteins

103
Q

membrane transport

A

shape take or not take water

104
Q

how to get through membranes

A

proteins, make channels

105
Q

what channel is open all the time

A

aquaphorant open all the time

106
Q

how to pump through bylayer

A

grab and pull

107
Q

what are microvilli

A

little finger coming out of the membranes more surface area to absorb stuff , intestine,

108
Q

what is a gap junction

A

pulls stuff out of one cell and into the next, need protein channel, can make tunnell dont go outside

109
Q

what is a tight junction

A

seals for no leaks such as urine back into bladder

110
Q

desomonses

A

anchoring junctions, bind adjacent cells together and help internal tension, reduces network of fibers

test questions of chemistryof living things and cell structure test questions (1 decks)

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