test 2 review questions Flashcards
study for test
what to know about a chemical
does it dissolve in water
what is dissolve
surrounded by water molecules one molecule surrounded by many water molecules
question for acid or bases
does it dissolve in water
what happens if you are over based or over acid
disease state
what is an acid
a substance that when you dissolve in water releases hydrogen ion H for hydrogen+1electrical charge
what is a base
a substance that releases a hydrozide ion when released in water releases OH-1
what is OH-1
Oxygen Hydrogen -1 electrical charge
how do ions get their name
because they have an electrical charge treat like math
What is Na
sodium
what is sodium by itself and what is its reaction to water
extremely reactive, will burn under water, keep in mineral salt
what is NaOH
drain cleaner,
what is CL
gas-chlorine
what is hydocloric acid
concrete stain remover
what happens when you combine NaOH+HCL
water and tsbl salt table salt
is oxygen bigger than hydrogen
yes
H2O
2 hydrogen and oxygen
what is an acid
anything that donates a proton
what is a base
anything that acceps a proton
what is sodium by itself
metal
chlorine by itself
a gas
sodium hydrozide
strong base in liquid
hydrcloric acid
stong acid in liquid
whar is sodium hydrozide and hydrochloric acid together
table salt
what is potassium chloride
salt
salt free seasonings
has potasium chloride
ph
pure number no unit s0-14
what is the value of Ph7
water,neutral
water for injection
Ph7
what is going down on the ph scale(lower)
stronger the acid
the higher the schale(higher)
stronger base
blood value too acidic
acidosis
blood value too basic
alkadosis
base is +
acid is +
What are carbohydrates
carbo is carbohnate, hydrate is water, carbon and water
do carbohydrates desolve in water
yes
what is the function of carbs
short term or immediate energy minutes to not more than a day or two burn in oxygen
what is the major component of organic compounds
contain carbons as the major component
how are inorganic compounds defined
compounds that lack carbons
different types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides,diasaccharides,trisaccharides, polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides
simple sugars,individual building blocks
name some monosaccharides
glucose,6 ribose,5, hexoses, fructose,and glactose
how are monosacchrides named
by the number of carbon atoms
how are disaccharides formed
when 2 monosaccharides by dehydration synthensis
what happens in the synthensis reaction of diasaccharides
a molecule is lost as the bond is made
name some diasaccharides
sucrose, lactose,
what are isomers
galactose, and fructose, atoms are arranged differently , giving them different chemical properties
what are sacharrides
sugar
what is sucrose
glucose and fructose (cane or table sugar)
what is lactose
glucouse and galactose (found in milk), maltose
, how are diasaccharides digested
since diasaccharides are to large to pass through cell membranes they must be digested to their simple sugar units to be absorbed from the digestive track into the blood
what is the decomposition process of diassacharides
hydrolysis, the opposite of dehydration synthensis, a water molecule is added to each bond, breaking the bond an releasing the simple sugar unit
what are polysaccharides
polymers of simple sugars linked together by dehydration synthesis
why are polysaccharides idea storage products
because they are fairly insoluable molecules and lack sweetness of simple and double sugars
name 2 polysaccharides
starch and glycogen/ can tolerate cant tolerat cellulose
are carbs sugars
yes
is glucouse sweet
yes
2 glocouse molecules hooked together
maltose
glucouse and galactose
lactose or milk sugar
what is lactose intolerence
cells cant take diasacchrides directly from the blood stream have to be broken downloose ability when finished breastmilk worth effor to make key
sucrose and fructose use same key
lactose cant be broken down must be in formation key padlock
is lactose tolerence common
no
how long is storage for polysaccharides
2 to three days at most/ fill up on / convert to glycogen
where does glycogn get stored
liver and muscle and as running cells cut one glucouse off at a time for energy
what happens of you sont use glycgen up
gets converted to fat
what are the three lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids and steriods
what type of storage is triglycerides
long term, weeks months years/bears fattening up
what is the make up of tryglicerides
fatty acid and glycerol
if you dont have oxygen then
you dont have ater
why dont fats dissolve in water
no oxygen, only carbon and water
no oxygen equatesto
no water
what do fats hook up to
monditriglyceride
what happens when you takea triglyceride and replace one fatty acid with a compound that has a phosphoric acid part
becomes a phospholipid
phospho
likes water9heas
lipids
dont like water (tail) and pushes away and things that dessolve in water away
what do phospholips make up
cell membranes because of their dual dissolving nature (hydrophilic heads) hydophobic tails can seperate inside from outside
what are the functions of steriods
to make various harmones
estrogen progestrone testerone-
cholestrol, steriods
what is the function of carbohydrates
short term energy
what makes cholestrol and what does not
plants do not we make cholestorl from trigllycerides
what are building blocks of proteins
amino acids hooked by peptide bond
collegen is what
protein, 2x4 of body keeps things in shape structural
motor molecules
how muscles contract
diffrent key are
all proteins
amino acids
20 and 8 are essential
how to tell the diffrence of amino acids
the way they hook together peptide bond
what is a peptide bond
acid end of one amino acid make connection to the amino end of a diffrent amino acid
if you have 2 amino acids hooked together by a peptide bond you have
di peptide three tripeptide anything else is a polypeptide
is there a uni peptide
no
proteins
pick and choose which amino acid comes first, second
what are the structure of proteins
primary,secondary, teritary and quaternary structure
what is the primary structure of proteins
the sequence of amino acids form the peptide chani
what happens at the secondary structure of a protein
spirals or sheets
what happens at the tertiary structure of a protein
folded up to form globular molecule can trap
what happens at the quatenary structure
form into the protein two balls, join head to tail
what are the name of the protein that serves as keys are
enzymes
what is ATP
necleic acid
how is atp formed
the cells take glucouse, burn in oxygen to generate ATP
what do all cell process use
ATP
what does the T and P stand for in ATP
T is tri and P is for phosphate
what is ATP used for
energy
how to know if there are living thing
does it use ATP
what are cell membranes made of
phospolipid by layer with proteins
membrane transport
shape take or not take water
how to get through membranes
proteins, make channels
what channel is open all the time
aquaphorant open all the time
how to pump through bylayer
grab and pull
what are microvilli
little finger coming out of the membranes more surface area to absorb stuff , intestine,
what is a gap junction
pulls stuff out of one cell and into the next, need protein channel, can make tunnell dont go outside
what is a tight junction
seals for no leaks such as urine back into bladder
desomonses
anchoring junctions, bind adjacent cells together and help internal tension, reduces network of fibers
