Test 2 reactions Flashcards
Carboxylic Acid——-> Acid Halide
PX3, Pyridine heat OR SOCl2, pyridine heat
Acid halide——> anhydride
Carboxylate
Acid Halide——-> ester
Alcohol
Acid Halide——-> Amide
2 eq amine
Acid Halide——-> carboxylic acid
H2O
2 carboxylic acid ——> anhydride
P2O5
or
heat
(remove H2O)
Anhydride——–> Ester
mixture of esters
alcohol
Anhydride——-> Amide
2 eq amine
Hydrolysis of anhydride
H2O
Carboxylate——–> ester
PRIMARY alkyl halide
Carboxylic Acid——–> ester
DCC
Alcohol
Fisher Esterification:
Carboxylic acid——–ester
alcohol in the presence of an acid
Transesterification:
Ester———> new Ester
alcohol in the presence of an acid
Ester———> Amide
amine
Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester
H2O
H+
(reversible)
Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the tertiary alkyl ester
H2O
H+
(Sn1)
Base catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester
Saponification
NaOH
H2O
(not reversible)
Carboxylic Acid———> Amide
DCC
an Amine
Amide———-> ester
Alcohol
Heat
(in acidic conditions)
Amide———> Nitrile
thionyl chloride
SOCl2
Base Catalyzed hydrolysis of Amide
- NaOH H2O
2. H+
Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Amide
H2O
H+