Test 2 problem session Flashcards
What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assume?
No mutation No migration No selection Random Mating Infinite population size
What does the P stand for in the migration problem?
initial frequency of the place receiving the imigrants
What does the p stand for in the migration problem?
initial frequency of the migrants
Formula for inbreeding
(p^2+Fpq)AA+ 2(1-F)pq)Aa+ (q^2+Fpq)aa
Increased genetic variation within a population
Mutation
Migration
some types of natural selection
Decreased genetic variation within a population
Genetic Drift
Some types of natural selection
Increased genetic variation between populations
mutation
Genetic Drift
Some types of natural selection
Decreased genetic variation between populations
Migration
Some types of natural selection
Compensation loops
are seen at synapsis in individuals heterozygous for interstitial deletions and for individuals who are heterozygotes for tandem and reverse tandem duplications
What does recombination in paracentric inversions result in?
acentric fragments and dicentric bridges
What do duplications and deletions result from (inversions)
recombination in inversion heterozygotes
What is the origin of deletion
improper repair of broken metaphase loop or unequal recombination or from chromosome structure mutations
How did duplication arise (origin)?
unequal crossing over or replication errors
How did pericentric inversion arise (origin)?
improper repair of broken loop during S-phase
How did paracentric inversion arise?
improper repair of broken loop during S-phase
How did Reciprocal Translocation arise?
nonhomologus recombination
Aneuploid conditions in humans?
turner syndrom
down syndrome
klinefelter syndrome
Conjugation
F+ x F-
F+ has a autonomous F factor
-F+ cell initiates contact with pili bringing cells together
-Conjugation tube develops forming a channel between the cells
-F factor replications in rolling circle method begging with cleavage at the oriT of the F factor
-The 5’ end of the F factor leads the way into the F-cell while replication occurs
-Can result in no change if the DNA entering is degraded or if can be circularized turning into a F+ cell
the cells seperate
Conjugation
Hfr x F-
Hfr has the F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosome
- cell contact is initiated by pill and the conjugation tube is formed
- bacterial chromosome plus F factor travel to cell.
- replication occurs resultiing in a new double stranded portion
- recombination occurs
- the cells seperate
