Test 2 - Pelvic Girdle

Question 1

Female Pelvis

Answer 1

• General shape is wider, more shallow, more flared
• Pubic arch greater than 90 deg
• Inlet is larger and rounder

Question 2

Male plevis

Answer 2

• narrower, deeper, less flared
• Pubic arch is less than 90 deg
• Inlet is more oval, or heart shaped

Question 3

Femur angle

Answer 3

15-20 degree anterior angle of head and neck of femur in relation to the femoral shaft

The head of the femur is projected anteriorly – for a true AP, internally rotate leg 15-20 degrees to place femoral neck paralell to IR

Question 4

Leg position and trochanters - Anatomical pos.

Answer 4

The lesser trochanter is seen in profile, as well as the greater trochanter.

Question 5

Leg position and trochanters - Internally rotated

Answer 5

The lesser trochanter is superimposed (tucked beind the shoft of femur), while the greater trochanter is fully in profile free of superimposition

Question 6

Leg position and trochanters - External rotation

Answer 6

Lesser trochanter is seen in profile, free of superimposition, while the greater trochanter begins to move posteriorly.

Question 7

AP pelvis projection

Answer 7

35 x 43 landscape
Patient supine; no rotation (ASIS are euqally distanced from IR)
internally rotate legs 15-20 degrees
CR perpendicular to IR
CP: mid-saggital plane, between level of ASIS and symphysis pubis (approx. 2 inches inferior to ASIS)

Question 8

AP pelvis criteria

Answer 8

Entrie pelvis and proxial femora included
- no rotation of pelvis (symetrical ala, ischial spines, obturator foramen)
- lesser trochanters superimposed & Equal greater trochanters
- Top of light feild at illiac crest

Question 9

AP bilateral hips

Answer 9

CP: 2 inches inferior to ASIS (mid-sagittal plane) midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis
- eval = same as AP pelvis

Question 10

AP unilateral hip (CP + eval)

Answer 10

CP; 1-2 inches distal to femoral neck
- Proximal 1/3 of femur
- Greater trochanter and femoral neck in profile
- Hip joint space and acetabulum visualized
- lesser trochanter fully superimposed

Question 11

Localization of femoral head and neck (1)

Answer 11

• draw a line from ASIS to symphysis pubis
• in the middle of the line, draw another line, at right angles to it (perpendicular)
• 1.5 inches distal to femoral head
• 2.5 inches distal to femoral neck

Question 12

Localization of femoral head and neck

Answer 12

• Locate the ASIS
• Move 1-2 inches medial
• move 3-4 inches dital to locate femoral neck

Question 13

AP bi-lateral frog leg (lateral)

Answer 13

CP: top of IR level of illiac crest, CR 3 inches below the ASIS (mid-saggital plane)
- No rotation
- Femoral heads, necks, greater and lesser trochanters all equal in size
- Lesser trochanters projected beyond the medial border of femoral shaft
- greater trochanters appear superimposed over femoral necks

Question 14

AP uni-lateral frog leg (lateral)

Answer 14

CP: mid-femoral neck
- femoral neck in profile, superimposed by the greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter is in profile medially

Question 15

frog leg - flexion relationships

Answer 15

if knee flexion is < 70 degrees, the greater trochanter is lateral. if > than 70 deg. greater torchanter is medial

If leg abduction is >45- 90 degrees,, femoral neck seen increasingly “end-on” (foreshortened)

Question 16

Axiolateral (inferior superior hips) HRL

Answer 16

CR: perpendicular to mid-femoral neck
PATIENT: elevate hip, flex femur 90 deg, place foot on stand.
- most distal aspect of femoral neck is superimposed by the greater trochanter
- soft tissue from raised leg is not superimposed over affected hip if leg is raisied sufficiently
- entire femoral head, neck and acetabulum is visualized

Question 17

How far below prosthetic?

Answer 17

2 inches superior and inferior to the orthepedic apliance (dynamic hip screw = DHS)