Test 2 Opioids Flashcards
Morphine
Strong opioid. Analgesic. mu receptor.
Severe pain (from MI, sickle cell crisis, from surgery, trauma, chronic pain, kidney stones, back pain)
Tox: Respiratory depression, constipation, addiction, tolerance
Antidote = naloxone
Meperidine
Strong opioid. Analgesic. Binds K+ channels, muscarinic receptor, and dopamine transporter.
Relieve moderate to severe pain. Biliary spasm, renal colic
Tox: Respiratory depression. Primarily from norpethidine, its metabolite. Serotonin syndrome, seizure, dysphoria, tremor
Hydrocodone
Moderately strong. μ and ẟ receptors.
Used to treat pain and dry, hacking coughing associated with bronchitis (anti-tussive). Can cause euphoria
Tox: Respiratory depression, constipation, nausea
Codeine
Moderately strong
Used to relieve mild to moderate pain. Cough, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, narcolepsy
Tox: Euphoria, itching, urinary retention, depression constipation, increased complications in erectile dysfunction
Morphine is the active metabolite
Pentazocine
(+) isomer = ẟ agonist, (-) is a kappa agonist and mu antagonist.
Used to relieve mild/moderate pain. Usually for dental extractions.
Weak antagonist of analgesic effects of morphine and meperidine
Tox: Hallucinations, psychotomimetic effects, cardiovascular effects.
Naloxone
Opioid receptor antagonist.
Prevents/reverses the effects of opioids, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. Can also reverse the psychotomimetic and dysphoric effects of agonist-antagonists like pentazocine.
No pharmacology in the absence of other narcotics.
Tox: Change in mood, trembling, change in heart rhythm, block the action of pain-lowering endorphins.
Methadone
Binds mu and NMDA (glutamate receptor)
Opioid analgesic that has actions similar to morphine, and depressant on the cough center.
Used as part of the treatment of dependence on opioid drugs.
