Test 2 memorisation

Question 1

RET

Answer 1

Receptor for Neurotrophic factors

a pt mutation of which is associated w/multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and B, familial medullary thyroid carcinomas

Question 2

KIT

Answer 2

Receptor for KIT ligand

a pt mutation of which is associated w/GI stromal tumors, seminomas, leukemias

Question 3

KRAS

Answer 3

a GTP-binding protein

a pt mutation of which is associated with colon, lung, pancreatic tumors

Question 4

JAK2

Answer 4

JAK/STAT signal transduction
a translocation that is associated with myeloproliferative disorders
acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 5

MYC/NMYC

Answer 5

transcriptional activators, in which
a translocation is associated with Burkitt lymphoma
a amplification is associated with neuroblastoma

Question 6

CDK4

Answer 6

Cyclin-dependent kinase

an amplification/point mutation is associated with glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma

Question 7

APC

Answer 7

tumor suppressor gene
makes adenomatous polyposis coli protein
inhibits WNT signaling
associated with familial colonic polyps and carcinomas, carcinomas of stomach, colon, pancreas; melanoma

Question 8

NF1

Answer 8

tumor suppressor gene
makes neurofibromin-1
inhibits RAS/MAPK signaling
associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 and neuroblastoma, juvenile myeloid leukemia

Question 9

RB

Answer 9

tumor suppressor gene
makes retinoblastoma protein
inihibits G1/S transition during cell cycle progression
associated with familial retinoblastoma syndrome, retinoblastoma; osteosarcoma carcinomas of breast, colon, lung

Question 10

TP53

Answer 10

makes p53 protein
arrests cell cycle and commences apoptosis in response to DNA damage
associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome + most human cancers

Question 11

Mesothelioma

Answer 11

malignant mesothelium tumor

Question 12

Seminoma

Answer 12

malignant testicular epithelium (germ cells) tumor

Question 13

Hamartomas

Answer 13

Disorganized by benign masses

Question 14

Choristoma

Answer 14

Heterotopic rest of cells, somewhere where it’s not supposed to be

Question 15

PDGFB

Answer 15

Overexpression will lead to astrocytoma

Question 16

HST1, FGF3

Answer 16

are fibroblast growth factors, overexpression of which leads to osteosarcoma. amplification of which leads to stomach, bladder, breast cancers; meianoma

Question 17

TGF-A

Answer 17

overexpression of which leads to astrocytomas

Question 18

HGF

Answer 18

overexpression of which leads to hepatocellular carcinomas, thyroid cancer

Question 19

ERBB1/2

Answer 19

mutation of which leads to adenocarcinoma of lung

amplification of which leads to breast carcinoma

Question 20

FLT3

Answer 20

a FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. a point mutation of which leads to leukemia

Question 21

PDGFRB

Answer 21

PDGF receptor, the overexpression of which will lead to gliomas. amplification of which will lead to leukemias

Question 22

ALK

Answer 22

ALK receptor. translocation of which causes adenocarcinoma of lung. fusion gene formation of certain lymphomas. point mutation leads to neuroblastoma

Question 23

ABL

Answer 23

a nonreceptor tyrosin kinase, a translocation of which leads to chronic myelogenous leukemia. point mutation of which leads to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 24

BRAF

Answer 24

RAS signal transduction. a point mutation/translocation causes melanomas, leukemias, colon carcinoma, others

Question 25

CCND1 (Cyclin D1)

Answer 25

A cyclin. a translocation of which causes mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma. amplification of which causes breast and esophageal cancers

Question 26

CIP/KIP family. p21 + p27

Answer 26

blocks cell cycle by binding to cyclin-CDK complexes
p21 is induced by tumor suppressor p53
p27 responds to growth suppressors such as TGF-beta

Question 27

INK4/ARF family

Answer 27

p16/INK4a binds to cyclin D-CDK4 and promotes the inhibitory effects of RB
p14/ARF increases p53 levels by inhibiting MDM2 activity

Question 28

WT1

Answer 28

a transcription factor associated with ilmn tumor-1, certain leukemias, and familial Wilms tumor