Test 2 including video questions Flashcards
Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Caesar Augustus
What was the higher mission of Rome?
Spreading influence (taking roman culture and politics to others)
Germans got what from the alliance?
Wanted Roman help against others in conflict
Romans got what from the alliance?
Wanted to spread their territorial control and civilizing mission further north
What benefits do Arminius and his people obtain from the Romans?
Crave protection from conflict, economically access to roman products that show status, a life on a larger community and urbanization
How did the Romans under Varus view the German population? How did the Germans view the Romans?
Romans saw the Germans peaceful and friendly, strong allie and lasting peace, Germans viewed Romans as unhappy because they had Romans settling disputes and had little say in this, resentment is building, law settled disputes instead of arms
How did Arminius view the Roman army?
Tired of them, paying Roman taxes and treated like slaves, has fought against them and knows their power, learned how they fought and weaknesses, knows they underestimate the Germanians, tells Varus what he wants to hear, knew they were overconfident
Why did the Germans select the Teutoborg Forest?
To construct a wall and fences for camouflage and protection
Why did the Romans ignore warnings?
It was their seasonal move and the general feared nothing because Arminius gave him a sense of security, Women, children, and sevants followed. They were un armored as eveything was on pack horses, chatting and weren’t thinking
What hindered the Roman movement?
Untraveled soil, lots of provisions with them, Segstes warns them but is laughed at, travled narrow track of sand bars, had to march differently, children and wives, small streams coming down into a swamp, some of the worse terrane, one side swamp and the other hills
Describe the fighting that takes place.
Ambush, Romans have no way out, no weapons on Romans, because the people stretched 2 miles long and not wide at all, Varus in the middle has no idea what is happening, first of line gets it and little communication on path, overall very vulnerable, once Varus learns it is a chain of events, watching friends die and more Germans soldiers come
How was the “eagle” of the legions described?
Indignity worse than death, Religious symbol, literal religious spirit and power that made them victorious and kept them safe, to fall or taken was like your spirit being ripped out
What did Varus do when he loses?
Suicide even though it was disgraceful
How did the Germans deal with Romans after the battle? Be specific.
Tormented their captives, by slaughter, cut out eyes, cut off hands, sewed up mouth after cutting out tongue
How many Roman legions were lost?
3 in north
What did Augustus do to Germans in Rome?
8 legions and auxiliary armies to reinforce the Rine frontier, Roman guards stationed throughout city, expels them, got rid of Germanic
How were German women described?
As strong, worth while, would kill their husbands in retreating battle, allied with the best men, wanted the best
How did the Germans treat the battlefield where they defeated the Romans?
Becomes a holy place, untouched to the victory or the Romans and please the German Gods that made it possible, rituals with swords
What was the Roman motivation for going back to the Germania?
Their lost honor and disgrace, self-esteem, passion for humanity, emporer and emprie disgrace that could not go unchallenged
Who was the successor to Augustus?
Tiberius
What is the principal weapon of the barbarians?
fear
Where do scholars think the Huns originate?
From the East from the Steppes
Describe how the Huns fight.
Seeing your world ripped to shreds, ride up and impale with arrows, chaos and terror
Why will we never know where the Huns really come from?
Because they left no written records, and archeology don’t distinguish people
What are “hostages” in the ancient world?
They weren’t free to come and go but were treated as royal family
What talent do the Huns possess?
Warfare
How important are horses for the Huns?
Uses horse glue for a reflex bow, migration essential, ultimate calvary of their time, seen as they lived on their horses, were able to stand back and kill while moving quickly, gave military advantage, economic: milk, meat
Who is Aetius?
Roman hostage, destined to become the Huns’ next King, ruthlessness, always having people impaled
Describe Attilla.
Veracious warrior, had blood soaked reputation, Hun, kills to become leader
What does Atilla want for the Huns?
power
How does the lifestyle of the Huns change after Rome gives them land?
Increasingly sedeitary and not using horses
What is the biggest mistake people make about barbarians?
To think they are unsophisticated and undeveloped because this is false
What was the most destructive force in Rome?
Greece
Who seized Caesar and held to him for ransom? Does he fear these people?
Pirates, no not really, he has risen above it
Where does Caesar military reputation begin?
Hispania, he showed he had as much courage and guts as soldiers
How was Caesar described as a politician? Who does not support Caesar?
Natural politician, was well liked, great public speaker and writer, speeches, Conservative Aristocats dislike him
Why does Caesar need the province of Gaul?
Profitable, needed money badly because in such debt, had to run away from creditors
Which two men join Caesar in the 1st Triumvirate? Why does he need them?
Crasus (richest man in Rome) and Pompei, work with him to win election and control the Senate, Caesar had the glow while the others had money and military
When Caesar was fighting the German tribes, why does the Senate not support him?
He may take Pompei’s spot and Pompei had supported the status quo
How are Pompey and Caesar linked together now? Does Pompey support Caesar?
His daughter, Julia, married Pompey. He was so in love, he spent all his time with her, that he didn’t pay any attention to politics. Marcus Brudus (jc’s distant relative) is given a lucrative post to rise in political post just like JC. Pompey is protecting JC’s interests in Rome while he is away fighting.
Was Caesar a “liberator” of Gaul? Why or Why not?
In his view yes, leaders got benefits, yet the people didn’t like being ruled by outsiders
How does Caesar win the people of Rome to his side? (Dispatches)
Action packed dispatches, self-promotion and newscast (dramaticized stories/adventure story)
How do the Rome elite (Brutus and others) view Caesar?
Greed and overreaching ambition, army and wealth, lots of money being spent, the bigger Caesar is getting the less powerful arocacicy and this is scary, something may upset the status quo that protects them (the rich)
What happens to Caesars protectors in Rome? Crassus
With bribes he is able to hold of Caesar’s enemies and gains another consulship and his first military command in almost 20 years. As he goes to invade he dies in an abush.
What happens to Caesars protectors in Rome? Pompey
His wife Julia dies in childbirth, Pompey is devastated, and the child dies, destroyed alliance with Caesar because of emotions, now enemies, violence became the norm
Who was Vercengetorix? What was his plan to destroy the Roman army?
A Gaulic leader rallies the Gaul’s to go against the Romans. Radically, burn all supplies, barns and food supplies, then hunker down in the hills and starve out the Romans
What final act does Pompey take to separate himself from Caesar?
He is now soul Consul and army at disposal. (Pompey) Pompey turns down an offer to marry into Caesar’s family again, instead he weds a young women Cornelia, the daughter of a Senator. Gets Senate (father-in-law) to be co-consul
What was the purpose of Caesar’s double encirclement of Alesia?
He built two forts inside for Alesia and outside to stop relief army
