Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 2156 OB 2 > Test 2 Hereditary & Environmental Influences > Flashcards

Test 2 Hereditary & Environmental Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Number of chromosomes in a person

A

46 total or 23 pairs of chromosomes

23 from each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allele….

A

Specific portion of chromosome that codes for a specific trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

There are atleast 2 alleles that code for each trait.

Homozygous / Hetrozygous

Define…

A

Homozygous; when both alleles code for the same thing. EXP 2 Blood type A

Hetrozygous: when alleles code for something different. EXP Blood Type A & B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood type

Has Alleles for both A & O

Which blood type will they have…

A

A - due to it being Dominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genotype / Phenotype

A

Genotype (Alleles)

Phenotype (Physical traits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The two alleles for a given trait (one from each parent) separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

This ensures that offspring inherit one allele from each parent.

A

Law of segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trait: Flower color in pea plants.

Alleles: Purple (P) and white (p).

A plant with genotype Pp (heterozygous) will produce gametes with either P or p.

During fertilization, offspring can inherit any combination of these alleles, leading to genotypes PP, Pp, or pp, and phenotypes of purple or white flowers.

A

Law of Segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alleles for different genes are distributed to gametes independently of one another, provided the genes are located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome (not linked).

A

Law of independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traits: Seed shape (round, R vs. wrinkled, r) and seed color (yellow, Y vs. green, y).

A plant with genotype RrYy produces four types of gametes: RY, Ry, rY, ry.

The combination of these gametes during fertilization leads to offspring with a variety of genotype combinations (e.g., RrYY, Rryy, rrYy) and phenotypes.

A

Law of independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Imagine you have a bag of red marbles and blue marbles. These marbles represent traits like the color of a flower.

You can only give one marble (one trait) to your friend at a time, either red or blue.

When plants make seeds, they also pass along just one of their two traits (like “purple” or “white”) to each seed.

A

Law of segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Now imagine you have two bags—one with marbles for flower color (red or blue) and one with marbles for seed shape (round or square).

When you give a marble from each bag to your friend, which marble you choose from the first bag doesn’t affect which marble you choose from the second bag.

This means traits like flower color and seed shape are chosen separately and don’t depend on each other.

A

Law of independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To solve multiple Genotypes in punit squares describe process.

What is probably of RrYy × RRYy producing RrYy

A

Solve each genotype separate

Make punnit square for (Rr × RR) and note fraction. Rr = 1/2

Make punnit square for (Yy × Yy) and note fraction. Yy = 1/2

Multiple Fractions Straight across.

1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromosomes are made of….

Which is made of…

A

Chromatin

DNA & Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ looks at traits that have been passed on in a family.

A

Genogram / Pedigree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Basic building block of genes and chromosomes

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The sequence of ____ will determine which amino acids will be assembled

A

Base pairs - Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Segments of DNA that direct production of products necessary for structure or function…

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DNA makes Genes

Genes make Chromosomes

T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gametes (Sperm & Egg cells) have how many chromosomal pairs…

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Autosomal….

A

Body chromosomes

22 pairs in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the make up of Male & Female gametes

A

XX = Female

XY = Male

22
Q

Karotype….

Genotype….

Phenotype….

A

Karyotype: Picture/diagram of all the chromosomes in a person’s cells, arranged in pairs and organized by size, shape, and number

Genotype: Genetic composition

Phenotype: Observable characteristics

23
Q

Monosomy: missing a chromosome (Only 1)

Compatible with life?

A

Not often compatible with Life

Exceptions: Turner syndrome

Female is born with only one X chromosome

Symptoms include short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart defects, and certain learning disabilities.

24
Q

Trisomy: Extra chromosome ( 3 )

Increase incidents….

A

Downs 21, 13 & 18 rare & severe

Increase incidents in AMA

25
Q

Polyploidy (Extra sets of chromosomes)

Usual results….

A

Early SAB Spontaneous abortion

26
Q

Multifactoral disorders is….

A

A combination of genetic & environment

27
Q

Maternal hyperthermia is a Teratogens. What temp is needed

A

> 102

28
Q

Out of control sugar with DM can cause genetic anomalies with the fetus.

T or F

A

T

29
Q

Oligohydramnios

Fibrous Amniotic Bands:

Not consuming 400 micrograms of Folic Acid Pre & During Pregnancy

List concerns

A

Oligohydramnios: Lung & Club footing

Fibrous Amniotic Bands: Interuterine Growth Restriction- Interuterine limb amputation

NTD happen when <400 micrograms of Folic acid is consumed

30
Q

Multiple Gestation (Twins most common)

Associated Risks…..

A

PTL, SGA, PPH, PreE, GDM

31
Q

Types of Twins

1 sperm fertilized 1 egg and the egg divides

Same gender and genetics

Higher rate of birth defects

Can be mono-mono, mono - di, di-di

A

Monozygotic (Identical)

32
Q

Types of twins

2 eggs fertilized by 2 sperms

Any combination of gender & genetic

May run in family where women ovulate more than 1 egg at a time

Always di-di

A

Dizygotic (Fraternal)

33
Q

Amniotic sac has two layers

Which is closer to the fetus…

A

Amnion closer to baby

Chorion close4 to the placenta

34
Q

Fraternal twins always have this type of amnion & chorion

A

Di - Di

Have their own amniotic sac / Chorionic sac

Seperated

Each have their own placenta

35
Q

Monozygotic twins Chorion / Amnion will vary based upon when the egg splits.

Morula 1 - 3 days….
Blastocyst 4 - 8 days….
Implanted Blastocys 8 - 13 days….
Formed Embryonic Disc 13 - 15 days…

A

Morula 1 - 3 days
(Dichorionic - Diamniotic)

Blastocyst 4 - 8 days
(Monochorionic - Diamniotic)

Implanted Blastocys 8 - 13 days
(Monochorionic -Monoamniotic)

Formed Embryonic Disc 13 - 15 days
(Conjoined Twins)

36
Q

Blastocyst

Cleavage 4 - 8 days

Monochorionic / Diamniotic

Describe

A

Monochorionic = 1 Placenta (Outer membrane)

Diamniotic = Have their own sac, they are seperated from eachother

37
Q

Implanted blastocyst

Cleavage 8 - 13 days

Monochorionic/ monoamniotic

Describe….

Risks…..

A

Share 1 Placenta

Share 1 Amniotic Sac

Risk: Cord Entanglement

38
Q

Most sex-linked traits are carried on the ____ chromosome

A

X

39
Q

Define

Person who doesn’t play a trait but can pass it on to offspring.

Recessive traits only.

Hetrozygous

A

Carrier

40
Q

There are no carriers in recessive traits…

A

False

There are no carriers in Dominate traits

41
Q

Fatal genetic disorder that causes progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.

Onset is middle age

Name disorder…

A

Huntington Disease

Autosomal Dominate

42
Q

Huntington disease

Autosomal/ Sex linked

Dominant/ recessive

A

Autosomal Dominate

43
Q

Huntington disease is a Autosomal Dominate disorder

If the father does not have Huntingtons disease write his genotype

Mother has Huntington disease and is Hetrozygous write her genotype

A

hh

He will have 2 recessive genes No Dominate because its a Dominate disorder

Hh (Mothers genotype type)

44
Q

Autosomal recessive

How many genes are needed to display trait?

Bb- Will this gene for blue eyes show in phenotype?

A

2 recessive genes needed to display trait.

No, bb will show. Needs 2 due to being recessive

45
Q

PKU

Rare inherited disorder where bidy cannot breakdown phenylalanine and it builds up to yoxic levls woth thr consumption of protein or Aspartame

Autosomal/ Sex Linked
Dominant/ Recessive

A

Autosomal Recessive

46
Q

Genes carried on the “y” are mostly related to..

A

Gender

47
Q

Sex-Linked Dominance

Only need 1 copy to be demonstrated

No carriers for Sex-linked Dominate

X * X * Homozygous
X* X Hetrozygous

  • is on the Dominate Trait

T or F

A

True

48
Q

Polydactyly (Extra digit)

Autosomal/ Sex-linked
Dominant/ Recessive

A

Sex-Linked Dominance

49
Q

Sex-linked recessive traits will pnly happen with (Males / Females)

A

Females

They have XX chromosomes

?Not sure why i think this?

It is more common in males, i belive

50
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
DMD

Progressive muscle destroying disorder that is seen primarily in males.

Autosomal/ Sex-linked
Dominant/Recessive

A

Sex-Linked/ Recessive

51
Q

Are preE & GDM common qith multiple gestation?

A

Yes, as well as

Preterm, PPH, and SGA

NURS 2156 OB 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions