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Test 2 hematology Flashcards

1
Q

decreased number of WBCs

A

Leukopenia

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2
Q

Left Shift definition

A

Proportion of immature neutrophils (band cells) increases over mature leukocytes

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3
Q

Normally __-__% of our white cells are bands.

A

2-6

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4
Q

The bone marrow is stimulated by __ or __

A

inflammation

infection

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5
Q

Right shift definition

A

Ratio of immature to mature neutrophils is considered with reduced count or lack of young neutrophils in blood smear

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6
Q

Right shift is associated with presence of __ __. This fact shows suppression of __ __ activity

A

giant neutrophils

bone marrow

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7
Q

Neutrophils %

A

40-65

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8
Q

Lymphocytes %

A

20-35

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9
Q

Monocytes %

A

2-10

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10
Q

Eosinophils %

A

1-6

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11
Q

Basophils %

A

0.5-1

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12
Q

Polymorphonuclear WBCs

A

Neutrophils (2-5 nuclei)
Eosinophils (2 nuclei)
Basophils (2 nuclei)

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13
Q

Mononuclear WBCs

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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14
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are aka ___ due to presence of __ in their cytoplasmm visible in light microscope.

A

granulocytes

granules

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15
Q

Mononuclear leukocytes are aka ___ because there are no visible granules in light microscope

A

agranulocytes

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16
Q

neutrophil function

A

1st wbc to enter site of inflammation

-phagocytosis

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17
Q

Neutrophils are associated with

A

Bacterial Infection
Fungal Infection
Inflammation

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18
Q

Lifetime of neutrophils

A

6 hrs- a few days

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19
Q

Causes of Neutropenia

A

Marrow Depression

Viral Infection

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20
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Histaminase located in granules inactivates histamine

Production of eicosanoids

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21
Q

Eosinophils play a role in…

A

allergic reaction
bronchial asthma
parasitic infestations

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22
Q

Eosinophil lifetime

A

8-12 days

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23
Q

decreased eosinophils may manifest in __

A

Cushing’s

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24
Q

Function of basophils

A

Synthesize and store histamine and heparin

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25
Lifetime of basophils
A few hours to a few days
26
BAsophils are associated with..
Inflammation (histamine) Hypersensitivity Infections (TB, smallpox) Polycythemia
27
Lymphocytes divisions
B- T- Natural killers
28
Function of lymphocytes
Affector cells of immune system B-cells produce plasma cells Regulation of immune system antiviral, antitumorous
29
Lifetime of lymphocytes
years for memory cells, weeks for all else
30
Lymphocytes increased levels associated with..
Infectious mononucleosis (atypical lymphocytes)
31
Monocytes function
Phagocytosis (most active of all phagocytic cells) | -mature into macrophage
32
Normal RBC count
3.8-5.1 million/cubic millimeter
33
Different size of rbc
anicocytosis
34
Different Shape of RBC
Poikilocytosis
35
Increased RBC size--> Macrocytes. Found in : (4)
MEgaloblastic anemia autoimmune hemolytic anemias alcoholism chronic liver diseases
36
Decreased RBC size--> Microcytes. Found in: (3)
Iron-deficiency anemia thalassemia Sickle cell anemia
37
tear drop morphology is found with..
Myelofibrosis
38
Whata are fragments that are small, spherical, triangular, or irregular?
Schistocytes
39
Crenated description
multiple short symmetric projections (10-30 of same length), not related to any disease
40
Acanthocytes description. Found in??
Irregular unequal spicules | found in splenoectomy
41
Burr cells description. found in?
irregular, assymetric projections, small cells | found in uremia
42
spur cells description
Long irregularly shaped projections | -liver disease, uremia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
43
Target cells: increase __ __ due to increased __ and __: found in...
``` surface area cholesterol lecithin -obstructive liver diseases -abnormal Hb diseases -iron deficiency anemia ```
44
spherocytes description
loss of biconcavity, smaller in diameter, dark color without central pallor area.
45
basophilic stippling is caused by aggregates of __ that look like dark __ granules throughout the cells.. Found with: (2)
ribosomes blue -lead pisoning -thalassemia
46
Cabot rings are __ shaped, __ __ structures. found in (2)
ring figure eight lead poisoning pernicious anemia
47
Howell-Jolly bodies are __ nuclear remnants, single deep __ color, foound in:
megaloblastic anemia hemolytic anemia post-splenectomy
48
Reticulocytes are immature __ cells with cytoplasmic ___, appear as diffusely __ in color. The number of reticulocytes is a good indicator of __ __ acitivity
red RNA blue bone marrow
49
Normal hematocrit for men and women
45% for men | 40% for women
50
Each gram of Hb binds ___ mL of O2
1.34
51
Normal levels of Hb
11.6-15.2
52
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF)
a2y2
53
Adult Hemoglobin (HbA)
a2B2
54
Primitive Hemoglobin (HbP)
a2s2
55
Decreased Hb levels typically found in
iron deficiency anemia
56
Mean Copuscular Volume (MCV) indicates what?
average size of the RBC
57
MCV normal range is __-__ femtoliters (fL)- in normocytes
80-99
58
-MCV
80
59
MCV > or equal to __ fL means bigger cell size
100
60
Mean Corpuscular HEmoglobin (MCH) is what?
Average mass of Hb per RBC
61
Mormal range of MCH
(normochromic) 27-31 picograms (pg)
62
MEan corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) is what?
Measure of concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed RBCs
63
How do you calculate MCHC
Divide MCH by MCV | *normal is 32-36 g/dL
64
Methoglobinemia manifestations | 70%
``` no manifestations skin discoloration (blush) headache, anxiety, dyspnea fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, confusion coma, arrhythma death ```
65
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is what?
The rate at which RBCs sediment in a period of one hour
66
normal range for esr for males and females
males: 1-13 mm/hr females: 1-20 mm/hour
67
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test that tests the bloods capacity to bind __ to __
iron | transferrin
68
Normal range of iron in the blood
60-170 mcg/dL
69
TIBC range
240-450 mcg/dL
70
transferrin saturation range
20-50%
71
Ferritin is a __ storage protein found in __ cells
iron | reticulo-endothelial
72
Normal range of ferritin
20-300 nanograms/ml
73
Serum ferritin levels are generally accepted as reliable single indicators of the presence of __ deficiency
iron
74
Name some coagulation tests
``` Bleding time partial thromboplastin time prothrombin time activated clotting time plasma thrombin time plasma fibrinogen Fibrin split products ```
75
Normal bleeding time
3-6 minutes
76
Incisions are not made it platelet count is
75 thousand/ mcl
77
Elevated bleeding time cause
vit. K deficiency

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